From c1bd6f6dc773895494422ea3ecaefcb07abd17d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ken Fallon Date: Tue, 22 Aug 2023 09:27:07 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] 2023-08-22_07-27-07Z_Tuesday database changed --- sql/hpr.sql | 15 ++++++++------- 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/sql/hpr.sql b/sql/hpr.sql index 07b7ebf..14e82e9 100644 --- a/sql/hpr.sql +++ b/sql/hpr.sql @@ -12368,7 +12368,7 @@ CREATE TABLE `comments` ( `last_changed` datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp(), PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `comments_eps_id_idx` (`eps_id`) -) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=3796 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8mb3_unicode_ci COMMENT='New comments table populated from c5t_* tables'; +) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=3797 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8mb3_unicode_ci COMMENT='New comments table populated from c5t_* tables'; /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */; -- @@ -16167,7 +16167,8 @@ INSERT INTO `comments` (`id`, `eps_id`, `comment_timestamp`, `comment_author_nam (3792,3922,'2023-08-15 08:22:08','tuturto','my condolences','I\'m sorry for your loss.\r\n\r\nAlso, interesting to learn about silent key. I wasn\'t aware of that before.','2023-08-15 16:29:13'), (3793,3922,'2023-08-16 14:59:41','thelovebug','My condolences','I\'m sorry to hear of Michael KV4YD\'s passing. Everyone in the amateur radio community mourns his passing. It\'s never nice to hear of new silent keys. Thank you for looking after the administration of his records.\r\n\r\n73 de Dave M7TLB','2023-08-16 16:00:33'), (3794,3921,'2023-08-16 18:11:07','Kevin O\'Brien','Hearing 5150','It was a pleasant surprise to her 5150 again. He was a good friend even though I only saw him at conferences. I miss him. And did he say he had invited Tracy Holz to join the Audio Book Club? Tracy is a good guy too.','2023-08-16 19:50:59'), -(3795,3855,'2023-08-16 21:24:28','Windigo','Secrets','Thanks for the episode! It feels like SSH escape sequence are secret commands, and I feel cooler for knowing about them.','2023-08-16 21:35:08'); +(3795,3855,'2023-08-16 21:24:28','Windigo','Secrets','Thanks for the episode! It feels like SSH escape sequence are secret commands, and I feel cooler for knowing about them.','2023-08-16 21:35:08'), +(3796,3917,'2023-08-21 12:06:52','one_of_spoons','breaking the spell','I look forward to including responses to some of the points you made, into future episodes.\r\nTaxation can compel efforts to satisfy state orders by acceding to employment, but the extent to which a private citizen can refuse legal tender, is a measure of their freedom. \r\nA lot of trigger words in there of course.\r\nTo avoid collapsing back into money talk for a while though, I aim to report on some accessible tools.','2023-08-21 12:29:59'); /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `comments` ENABLE KEYS */; UNLOCK TABLES; /*!50003 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */ ; @@ -19918,7 +19919,7 @@ INSERT INTO `eps` (`id`, `date`, `title`, `duration`, `summary`, `notes`, `hosti (3665,'2022-08-19','UNIX Is Sublime',3586,'I talk about all of the reasons I love UNIX','

UNIX is sublime

\n
Or, \"how to use a computer without hating yourself for it in the morning\"
\n
Or, \"Unix is basically a simple operating system . . .\"
\n
Or, \"My weariness and disdain for computers grow with each additional unit of knowledge\"
\n
Or, \"Worse is better\"
\n

Origins

\n

UNIX is not Multics

\n

Multics = Multiplexed Information and Computer Service

\n

UNIX = Uniplexed Information and Computing Service

\n

The name \'UNIX\' is a pun on the name \'Multics\'. Multics was entirely too large and complicated to be useful so the boys at Bell Labs cooked up something smaller, less complicated, and easier to use.

\n
\n

Ancient emulation interlude

\n

How to run Multics in 2022.

\n

This wiki helped me emulate UNIXv5.

\n

And this one helped me emulate UNIXv7.

\n

These guys host ancient systems accessible via guest accounts over ssh.

\n
\n

\"Cool, but useless.\"

\n
\n
\n

I know almost nothing about Multics and I\'m not sure if it\'s even worth learning. This is about UNIX, not Multics. Maybe I\'ll come back to it.

\n

Philosophy, implementations, ducks

\n

When I think of \"UNIX\", I do not think of the trademark. Instead, I think of the Unix philosophy. and the general design principles, interface, and behavior of a UNIX system.

\n

A better way of thinking about \"UNIX\" is as something \"POSIX-like\" rather than \"AT&T\'s commercial UNIX\". Example: although Linux and GNU are overly complicated, they pass the duck test for being a UNIX. Pedigree or not, you know a nix when you see one.

\n

Also, when I say \"UNIX\", I mean \"Free UNIX\". I have no interest in proprietary implementations that only exist for the purpose of restricting users and disempowering/discouraging sysadmins from becoming self-reliant.

\n

So what is the philosophy?

\n\n

And additionally:

\n\n

Design

\n

10,000 Ft View

\n

UNIX is a multiuser time sharing networked operating system, running as an always online service. A UNIX system is a single mainframe computer running an operating system designed for multiple users to access concurrently over the network, equally (depending on implementation) sharing resources amongst the active users.

\n

In a traditional network setup, there is one mainframe UNIX machine with multiple dumb terminals connected to it over the network. None of the users touch the mainframe physically. Instead, they interact with it exclusively through their own dumb terms. These dumb terminals have minimal or no computing power of their own because all of the actual computation takes place on the mainframe. Built in networking is a given.

\n

As for the actual software running on the mainframe, it\'s quite simple to visualize. A Unix system is a flexible but organized stack of concepts, each depending on the concept below, all working together for the sole purpose of enabling the end user to play video games and watch videos online.

\n
       / user applications \\\n      /       shells        \\\n     /        daemons        \\\n    /       file systems      \\\n   /        kmods/drivers      \\\n  /           syscalls          \\\n /             kernel            \\\n/             hardware            \\\n
\n

In order to fully explain why UNIX is sublime, I will start from the bottom and work my way upward. Before I discuss the shell, I will explain the multiuser aspects of the system. Then, after a long arduous journey of verbosity, explain how to actually use the thing.

\n

Kernel

\n

The kernel is something the user rarely interacts with. It abstracts all the hard parts away from the user. No more poking random memory addresses to load a program from tape.

\n

Multitasking

\n

In order to support multiple users, resource sharing was implemented. When a user\'s process requests CPU time, it\'s put into a rotational queue along with the other requests for CPU time. Round robin style concurrency is one of the easiest to implement but most modern systems use a weighted model that prioritizes processes owned by specific users. Memory and disk space are typically assigned hard limits to prevent system crashes. \"Ask your sysadmin if you need more resources.\"

\n

Virtual Memory

\n

Abstracting memory management from users is almost necessary in a multitasking system. The kernel must be the arbiter of all. The most interesting thing about virtual memory is that it doesn\'t actually need to be a RAM stick, but can be a swap partition on a disk or even a remote cloud provider if you\'ve actually lost your mind. This type of flexibility improves system stability. Instead of a kernel panic when memory runs out, the kernel can de-prioritize nonessential or idle processes by sending them to swap space.

\n

Paged Memory (logical memory)

\n

No more fragmented memories! The kernel maintains a page table that maps logical locations to physical locations. Instead one continuous chunk of memory, the kernel divides memory into small sections called \"pages\". When allocating memory, the kernel might not give a process continuous pages. The advantage of a paged memory scheme further enables multiuser computing. Example: When you have a large program like a web browser open, the pages that contains the unfocused tabs can be swapped out to disk without stalling the entire browser.

\n

Programming Interface pt. 0 (syscalls, kmods, drivers)

\n

When a process requests a resource, it sends a syscall to the kernel. The kernel then responds to the system call. This allows for privilege separation. Does your web browser need direct access to all memory? What about all files? Do we even want to write assembly every time we want to access a file? Syscalls are dual purpose: abstraction and security.

\n

Kernel modules are dynamic \"extensions\" that give the kernel new features (typically hardware support). The ability to dynamically load/unload modules as hardware changes increases uptime because it means a new kernel doesn\'t need to be compiled, installed, and booted into every time we plug in a different peripheral.

\n

Filesystem

\n

Hierarchical structure

\n

A UNIX filesystem is hierarchical. Each directory contains files or other directories, each with a specific purpose. This type of organization makes it very easy to navigate and manage a system. Each child directory inherits ownership and permissions unless otherwise specified (see Access Control).

\n

In order to visualize this, I imagine a tree-like structure descending from the root directory, /. The tree(1) program shows this type of hierarchy.

\n

Virtual Filesystems (logical filesystem)

\n

The idea behind virtual filesystems is, again, abstraction. Using the concept of a virtual file system, multiple disks can be presented to the user and programmer as a single unified filesystem. This means mounted local disks, NFS shares, and even the contents of a CDROM are presented as if the files contained therein are \"just on the big hard drive\".

\n

Additionally, using bind mounts, a directory can be mounted onto another directory as if it were just another filesystem.

\n

The final interesting thing about virtual filesystems is the concept of a ramdisk: mounting a section of memory so that it can be used as if it was an ordinary directory. <--Shoot foot here.

\n

Everything is a file

\n

Well, almost everything is presented as if it were a file. This greatly simplifies programming.

\n

Prime example: /dev/urandom is a random entropy generator presented as a file, making it very simple for a programmer to implement seeded RNG in a program.

\n

Another example: The kernel translates mouse input into a data stream that can be opened as a file. The programmer only needs to read from /dev/mouse0 instead of writing hundreds of mouse drivers for a clicky GUI.

\n

Exercise 1: Try running this command then wiggling your mouse:

\n
# Linux\n$ sudo cat /dev/input/mouse0\n\n# FreeBSD\n$ sudo cat /dev/sysmouse\n
\n

Yet another example: the TTY is just a file. You can even print it to a text file using setterm(1) on Linux.

\n

Exercise 2:

\n
[user@fedora ~]$ sudo setterm --dump 3\n[user@fedora ~]$ cat screen.dump\n\nFedora Linux 36 (Workstation Edition)\nKernel 5.18.5-200.fc36.x86_64 on an x86_64 (tty3)\n\nfedora login: root\nPassword:\nLast login: Sat Jul 30 14:34:20 on tty3\n[root@fedora ~]# /opt/pfetch/pfetch\n        ,'''''.   root@fedora\n       |   ,.  |  os     Fedora Linux 36 (Workstation Edition)\n       |  |  '_'  host   XXXXXXXXXX ThinkPad T490\n  ,....|  |..     kernel 5.18.5-200.fc36.x86_64\n.'  ,_;|   ..'    uptime 20d 22h 40m\n|  |   |  |       pkgs   3910\n|  ',_,'  |       memory 6522M / 15521M\n '.     ,'\n   '''''\n\n[root@fedora ~]#\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n[user@fedora ~]$\n
\n

Links

\n

Yet another way of \"mounting\" a file or directory to another file or directory is linking. There are two types of links: hard links and symbolic links.

\n

On UNIX, files are indexed by inodes (index nodes). Using links, we can make \"shortcuts\" to files.

\n

Hard linking adds a \"new index\" to a file. They share an inode. If the original file is removed, the file persists in storage because the secondary file created by a hard link still exists. Think \"different name, same file\"

\n

Symlinks are like pointers. A symlink points to the original file instead of the inode. If you remove the original file, the symlink breaks because it points to a file that points to an inode rather than simply pointing to an inode.

\n

Using links, we can make files more convenient to access as if we are \"copying\" files without actually copying files.

\n

Filename extensions

\n

On a UNIX system, file extensions are arbitrary. UNIX determines file type by reading the file headers. The file tells you exactly what type of file it is (just read it). The entire system does not break when a file extension doesn\'t match the expected contents of the file.

\n

Extensions only matter when you wilfully associate with the microsoft users leaving issues on your software repos. \"Not my OS, not my issue, it\'s open source so fork it if you don\'t like it\"

\n

Multiuser (timesharing)

\n

See also: Multitasking.

\n

Exercise 3: attempt to use Windows like a multiuser operating system and get back to me when you have realized that any and all claims made by microsoft about how their \"multi user enterprise system\" is in any way capable of competing with a genuine multi-user UNIX system are false advertising.

\n

Users, Groups

\n

A multiuser system needs a way to manage users and categorize them for access control purposes. Every user has a single user account and belongs to 0 or more groups. Sorting users into groups at the time of account creation makes is significantly easier than granting/revoking permissions user-by-user. Additionally, using something like rctl(8) on FreeBSD allows a systems administrator to allocate resources to specific users, groups, or login classes (like groups).

\n

Daemons (services)

\n

On a UNIX system, every process is owned by a user. In the case of a service, the process is owned by a daemon account. Daemon accounts have limited permissions and make it possible to run persistent services as a non-root user.

\n

Access Control

\n

Since UNIX was designed to be a multiuser system, access control is required. We know about users, we know about groups, but what about permissions?

\n

There are three types of operations that can be done to a file: read, write, and execute. Who can the admin grant these permissions to? The Owner, the Group, and the Other (all). This type of access control is called discretionary access control because the owner of the file can modify files at their own discretion.

\n

Actually using the thing

\n

Programming interface Pt. 1 (data streams)

\n

All UNIX utilities worth using use 3 data streams:

\n\n

Shell

\n

The shell is how a user actually interacts with a UNIX system. It\'s a familiar interface that allows a human user to interact with a computer using real human language.

\n

Explicitly telling the computer to do is infinitely less agonizing than dealing with a computer that tries to do what it thinks you want it to do by interpreting input from a poorly designed, overly engineered interface.

\n

The shell, in addition to being an interactive interface, is also scriptable. Although math is a struggle, shell scripting is a fairly simple way of automating tasks. Taping together interoperable commands you already know makes everything easier. My favorite aspect about writing POSIX shell scripts is knowing that shell is a strongly, statically typed language where the only datatype is string.

\n

Problem that are difficult or messy to solve in shell usually mean it\'s time to write another small C program for your specific needs. Adding the new program into the shell pipeline is trivial.

\n

Pipes

\n

Pipes, the concept that makes UNIX so scriptable. A shell utility that follows the UNIX philosophy will have a non-captive interface, write uncluttered data to stdout, read from stdin, and error to stderr. The | pipe character instructs programs to send their stdout to the next stdin in the pipeline instead of printing to the terminal.

\n

All standard command line utilities are interoperable and can be easily attached like building blocks. \"Meta programming\" has never been easier.

\n

Pipes make it so that every UNIX program is essentially a filter. Sure, you could just use awk, but I prefer shell.

\n

Bonus:

\n\n

Summary:

\n

UNIX is a non-simple modular operating system designed for 1970s big iron mainframes but we love it too much to let it go. Compared to minimal hobbyist operating systems, UNIX is BIG. Compared to commercial operating systems, free UNIX is small. Maybe slightly more than minimum viable but the papercuts are mild enough to forgive.

\n

See Also:

\n

The UNIX-HATERS Handbook

\n',406,0,1,'CC-BY-SA','UNIX',0,0,1), (3657,'2022-08-09','Small time sysadmin',1568,'How I maintain my Linux Box, Part One.','
    \n
  1. Creating Backups.
    2. \n
\n\n
#!/bin/bash\n#License: GPL v3\n# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n# (at your option) any later version.\n#\n# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the\n# GNU General Public License for more details.\n#\n# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.\n\n#Name: getoverhere.sh\n#Purpose:\n#Version: beta 0.07\n#Author: SGOTI (Some Guy On The Internet)\n#Date: Sat 29 Jan 2022 02:19:29 AM EST\n\n#variables:\nVAR_TBALL=\nVAR_TARGET=\nVAR_JUMP=\nVAR_VALUE=\n\n#start:\ncat << "EOT01"\nOptions:\n    email |"${HOME}/.thunderbird/"\n    jop |"${HOME}/Documents/joplin"\n    dots |"${HOME}/.bashrc .vimrc .bash_aliases"\nEOT01\n\necho -e "What do you want to backup? : \\c."\nread VAR_VALUE\n\ncase ${VAR_VALUE} in\n    "email" )\nVAR_TBALL="INSERT_EMAIL_NAME$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET="msgFilterRules.dat"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/.thunderbird/*.default-release/ImapMail/imap.mail.yahoo.com/"\n    echo -e "Grabbing INSERT_EMAIL_NAME...\\n"\ntar -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET}\n    sleep 1\n\nVAR_TBALL="INSERT_EMAIL_NAME$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET="msgFilterRules.dat"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/.thunderbird/*.default-release/ImapMail/imap.gmail.com/"\n    echo -e "Grabbing INSERT_EMAIL_NAME...\\n"\ntar -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET}\n    sleep 1\n\nVAR_TBALL="EMAIL_ARCHIVES$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET="Mail/"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/.thunderbird/*.default-release/"\n    echo -e "Grabbing email EMAIL_ARCHIVES...\\n"\ntar -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET}\n    echo -e "Creating List for ${VAR_TBALL}...\\n"\nls -lhAR --group-directories-first ${VAR_JUMP}${VAR_TARGET} > EMAIL_ARCHIVES$(date +%m-%d-%Y).txt\n    sleep 1\n\nVAR_TBALL="THUNDERBIRD_CALENDER$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET="calenders/"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/Documents/"\n    echo -e "Grabbing email THUNDERBIRD_CALENDER...\\n"\ntar -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET}\n    echo -e "Creating List for ${VAR_TBALL}...\\n"\nls -lhAR --group-directories-first ${VAR_JUMP}${VAR_TARGET} > THUNDERBIRD_CALENDER$(date +%m-%d-%Y).txt\n    sleep 1\n\nVAR_TBALL="THUNDERBIRD_ADDRESS_BOOK$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET="address-book/"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/Documents/"\n    echo -e "Grabbing ${VAR_TARGET}...\\n"\ntar -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET}\n    echo -e "Creating List for ${VAR_TBALL}...\\n"\nls -lhAR --group-directories-first ${VAR_JUMP}${VAR_TARGET} > THUNDERBIRD_ADDRESS_BOOK$(date +%m-%d-%Y).txt\n    sleep 1\n\nVAR_TBALL="THUNDERBIRD_ALL$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET=".thunderbird/"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/"\n    echo -e "Grabbing ${VAR_TARGET}...\\n"\ntar -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET}\n    echo -e "Creating List for ${VAR_TBALL}...\\n"\nls -lhAR --group-directories-first ${VAR_JUMP}${VAR_TARGET} > THUNDERBIRD_ALL$(date +%m-%d-%Y).txt ;;\n\n    "jop" )\nVAR_TBALL="JOPLIN$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET="joplin/"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/Documents/"\n    echo "Grabbing ${VAR_TARGET}"\ntar -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET}\n    sleep 1\n    echo -e "Creating List for ${VAR_TBALL}...\\n"\nls -lhAR --group-directories-first ${VAR_JUMP}${VAR_TARGET} > JOPLIN$(date +%m-%d-%Y).txt ;;\n\n    "dots" )\nVAR_TBALL="dots$(date +%m-%d-%Y).tar.gz"\nVAR_TARGET=".bashrc .vimrc .bash_aliases"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/"\n    echo "Grabbing ${VAR_TARGET}"\ntar -v -C ${VAR_JUMP} --create --file ${VAR_TBALL} --gzip ${VAR_TARGET} ;;\n\n    * )\n    echo "Good Heavens..." ;;\nesac\nexit;\n
\n
\n
    \n
  1. Restoring from backups.
    2. \n
\n\n
VAR_TBALL="EMAIL_ARCHIVES*.tar.gz"\nVAR_JUMP="${HOME}/.thunderbird/*.default-release/"\n    echo -e "Restoring EMAIL_ARCHIVES...\\n"\ntar --extract --directory= ${VAR_JUMP} --file ${VAR_TBALL}\n    echo -e "EMAIL_ARCHIVES restored.\\n"\n
\n',391,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','sysadmin, system maintenance, tar, backups',0,0,1), (3664,'2022-08-18','Secret hat conversations',1070,'You\'ll need your tin hat for this one.','

The Tin Foil Hat often worn in the belief or hope that it shields the brain from threats such as electromagnetic fields, mind control, and mind reading.

\n
    \n
  1. Proper hat construction video. Also includes the “why” along with the “how”.
    2. \n
  2. Proper hat construction music. Just something to keep you focused.
    3. \n
\n
\n

FCC Caller ID Spoofing info: Spoofing is when a caller deliberately falsifies the information transmitted to your caller ID display to disguise their identity.

\n

FCC Call Blocking info: Call blocking is a tool used by phone companies to stop illegal and unwanted calls from reaching your phone. A second annual FCC report released in June 2021 found that many voice service providers and third-party analytics companies are improving their call blocking and labeling services and use new data to better detect robocalls. Billions of unwanted calls to American consumers are being blocked each year.

\n

The PinePhone Pro Explorer Edition is aimed at Linux developers with an extensive knowledge of embedded systems and/or experience with mobile Linux.

\n

Time-based one-time password (TOTP) is a computer algorithm that generates a one-time password (OTP) that uses the current time as a source of uniqueness. As an extension of the HMAC-based one-time password algorithm (HOTP), it has been adopted as Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard RFC 6238.

\n

Matrix is an open standard for interoperable, decentralised, real-time communication over IP.

\n
\n

Password Managers: Used by Some Guy On The Internet.
\nBitwarden
\nKeePassXC

\n
\n',391,0,1,'CC-BY-SA','Tin hat, call spoofing',0,0,1), -(3936,'2023-09-04','HPR Community News for August 2023',0,'HPR Volunteers talk about shows released and comments posted in August 2023','\n\n

New hosts

\n

\nThere were no new hosts this month.\n

\n\n

Last Month\'s Shows

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IdDayDateTitleHost
3912Tue2023-08-01Emergency Show: Biltong and RooibosShane Shennan
3913Wed2023-08-02Lurking Prion Q and ALurking Prion
3914Thu2023-08-03how to deal with blistersdnt
3915Fri2023-08-04Why the hell is my audio clipping?MrX
3916Mon2023-08-07HPR Community News for July 2023HPR Volunteers
3917Tue2023-08-08Response to \"Permission Tickets\" by oneofspoonsdnt
3918Wed2023-08-09Emacs package curation, part 3dnt
3919Thu2023-08-10How I hacked my voicetuturto
3920Fri2023-08-11RV Trip 2022-2023: Southeast USAhuka
3921Mon2023-08-14HPR AudioBook Club 23 - John Carter of Mars (Books 1-3)HPR_AudioBookClub
3922Tue2023-08-15Silent KeyTrey
3923Wed2023-08-16Meal preparation.Some Guy On The Internet
3924Thu2023-08-17Mass Quick Tips for August 2023operat0r
3925Fri2023-08-18Uncommon tools and social mediaDaniel Persson
3930Fri2023-08-25Playing Civilization II Test of TimeAhuka
3933Wed2023-08-30Planning for a planner.Some Guy On The Internet
3934Thu2023-08-31Crusader Kings IItuturto
\n\n

Comments this month

\n\n

Note to Volunteers: Comments marked in green were read in the last\nCommunity News show and should be ignored in this one.

These are comments which have been made during the past month, either to shows released during the month or to past shows.\nThere are 10 comments in total.

\n

Past shows

\n

There are 4 comments on\n4 previous shows:

\n

Updated on 2023-08-16 22:35:42

\n

This month\'s shows

\n

There are 6 comments on 4 of this month\'s shows:

\n\n\n

Mailing List discussions

\n

\nPolicy decisions surrounding HPR are taken by the community as a whole. This\ndiscussion takes place on the Mail List which is open to all HPR listeners and\ncontributors. The discussions are open and available on the HPR server under\nMailman.\n

\n

The threaded discussions this month can be found here:

\nhttps://lists.hackerpublicradio.com/pipermail/hpr/2023-August/thread.html\n\n\n

Events Calendar

\n

With the kind permission of LWN.net we are linking to\nThe LWN.net Community Calendar.

\n

Quoting the site:

\n
This is the LWN.net community event calendar, where we track\nevents of interest to people using and developing Linux and free software.\nClicking on individual events will take you to the appropriate web\npage.
\n\n

Any other business

\n\n\n\n',159,47,1,'CC-BY-SA','Community News',0,0,1), +(3936,'2023-09-04','HPR Community News for August 2023',0,'HPR Volunteers talk about shows released and comments posted in August 2023','\n\n

New hosts

\n

\nWelcome to our new host:
\n\n Fred Black.\n

\n\n

Last Month\'s Shows

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
IdDayDateTitleHost
3912Tue2023-08-01Emergency Show: Biltong and RooibosShane Shennan
3913Wed2023-08-02Lurking Prion Q and ALurking Prion
3914Thu2023-08-03how to deal with blistersdnt
3915Fri2023-08-04Why the hell is my audio clipping?MrX
3916Mon2023-08-07HPR Community News for July 2023HPR Volunteers
3917Tue2023-08-08Response to \"Permission Tickets\" by oneofspoonsdnt
3918Wed2023-08-09Emacs package curation, part 3dnt
3919Thu2023-08-10How I hacked my voicetuturto
3920Fri2023-08-11RV Trip 2022-2023: Southeast USAhuka
3921Mon2023-08-14HPR AudioBook Club 23 - John Carter of Mars (Books 1-3)HPR_AudioBookClub
3922Tue2023-08-15Silent KeyTrey
3923Wed2023-08-16Meal preparation.Some Guy On The Internet
3924Thu2023-08-17Mass Quick Tips for August 2023operat0r
3925Fri2023-08-18Uncommon tools and social mediaDaniel Persson
3926Mon2023-08-21Karate Do: An OverviewHipernike
3927Tue2023-08-22Audacity Update 20230702Ahuka
3928Wed2023-08-23RE: Klaatu.Some Guy On The Internet
3929Thu2023-08-24Some experiences with different notes appsLee
3930Fri2023-08-25Playing Civilization II Test of TimeAhuka
3931Mon2023-08-28What Instrument was played in hpr3905?Fred Black
3933Wed2023-08-30Planning for a planner.Some Guy On The Internet
3934Thu2023-08-31Crusader Kings IItuturto
\n\n

Comments this month

\n\n

Note to Volunteers: Comments marked in green were read in the last\nCommunity News show and should be ignored in this one.

These are comments which have been made during the past month, either to shows released during the month or to past shows.\nThere are 11 comments in total.

\n

Past shows

\n

There are 4 comments on\n4 previous shows:

\n

Updated on 2023-08-21 14:48:04

\n

This month\'s shows

\n

There are 7 comments on 5 of this month\'s shows:

\n\n\n

Mailing List discussions

\n

\nPolicy decisions surrounding HPR are taken by the community as a whole. This\ndiscussion takes place on the Mail List which is open to all HPR listeners and\ncontributors. The discussions are open and available on the HPR server under\nMailman.\n

\n

The threaded discussions this month can be found here:

\nhttps://lists.hackerpublicradio.com/pipermail/hpr/2023-August/thread.html\n\n\n

Events Calendar

\n

With the kind permission of LWN.net we are linking to\nThe LWN.net Community Calendar.

\n

Quoting the site:

\n
This is the LWN.net community event calendar, where we track\nevents of interest to people using and developing Linux and free software.\nClicking on individual events will take you to the appropriate web\npage.
\n\n

Any other business

\n\n\n\n',159,47,1,'CC-BY-SA','Community News',0,0,1), (3666,'2022-08-22','One Weird Trick',997,'I talk about getting into or advancing in cybersecurity & how keyboards could trick malware.','

In this episode, I talk about getting in to the field of cybersecurity or moving up in the field. I also talk about how keyboards could keep malware from going Boom on your system.

\n

Links:

\n\n',405,74,1,'CC-BY-SA','cybersecurity,security,EvilSteve,malware, career',0,0,1), (3669,'2022-08-25','My First Podcast: My Journey into the Computer World',1207,'How I was introduced into computers, Linux, robotics, programming, cibersecurity and more...','

Milestones in my Journey

\n
    \n
  1. Studied Windows office and played online games
    2. \n
  2. Electronics
    3. \n
  3. Programming with Scratch
    4. \n
  4. Studied Javascript with Khan Academy
    5. \n
  5. Used Processing
    6. \n
  6. Learned Arduino and robotics
    7. \n
  7. Programmed with Visual Studio Code
    8. \n
  8. Learned Git
    9. \n
  9. Learned Windows Batch, VBS, registry, and others
    10. \n
  10. Introduction to Linux and disks with Tails
    11. \n
  11. Installation of Linux mint
    12. \n
  12. Installation of Debian
    13. \n
  13. Learned Apt, sudo, and other commands
    14. \n
  14. Discovered the Raspberry Pi
    15. \n
  15. Learned ssh, vnc, servers and networking with the Raspberry Pi
    16. \n
  16. Received a Thinkpad laptop and installed on it Bodhi Linux, Linux Lite and Alpine Linux
    17. \n
  17. Learned about erasure, recovery and encryption of data
    18. \n
  18. Learned more about Linux (Screen, network configuration, emacs, programming in C)
    19. \n
  19. Discovered Nethack and Open Adventure console games
    20. \n
  20. Studied hacking and pentesting
    21. \n
  21. Helped a company with its computers and learned from it guys
    22. \n
  22. Introduction to Python and BSD
    23. \n
\n',410,29,0,'CC-BY-SA','linux, programming, cibersecurity, robotics, hardware',0,0,1), (3678,'2022-09-07','\"Stupid Users\" ... no, not those users, the other \"stupid users\"',907,'Brady & I discuss stupid things done by those of us who really should know better.','

In this week\'s episode, I chat with R. Brady Frost about the little plumber vs the gigantic rock. Then we move in to a discussion about the fallacy of stupid users with some great stories of stupid things done by those of us who really should know better. The moral of the story, is that we are all human and nothing will ever change that. Instead, we need to be prepared for when humans are human.

\n

Links:

\n\n',405,74,1,'CC-BY-SA','cybersecurity,security,EvilSteve,users,stupid human tricks,customer service',0,0,1), @@ -20154,9 +20155,9 @@ INSERT INTO `eps` (`id`, `date`, `title`, `duration`, `summary`, `notes`, `hosti (3921,'2023-08-14','HPR AudioBook Club 23 - John Carter of Mars (Books 1-3)',6516,'In this episode the HPR Audiobook Club discusses the first three books of John Carter of Mars','In\nthis episode the HPR Audiobook Club discusses the audiobooks A\nPrincess of Mars, The\nGods of Mars, and The\nWarlord of Mars by Edgar Rice Burroughs\n
\n

Non-Spoiler Thoughts

\n
\n
    \n
  • Burroughs is kind of verbose, which is symbolic of the time period\nin which it was written.
    • \n
\n

Beverage Reviews

\n
\n
    \n
  • Thaj: Tempting fate with a tall glass of the highly\ntoxic, Dihydrogen\nMonoxide
    • \n
  • x1101: Shipyard\nLittle Horror of Hops Its a very amber IPA
    • \n
  • Pokey: Yellow Tail\nChardonay Its definitely a chardonay in flavor. You can taste the\ncost effectiveness up front, but it mellows out on the finish, and is\npretty okay for the price on average.
    • \n
  • FiftyOneFifty: Funky Pumpkin spiced\npumpkin ale
    • \n
  • Mark: Lagunitas IPA
    • \n
\n

Things We Talked About

\n
\n
    \n

  • Chat Secure secure XMPP,\nThink of the children!!!

    • \n

  • Technology on Barsoom

    • \n

  • Deus Ex Machina much???

    • \n

  • Names in fantasy books

    • \n
\n

Our Next Audiobook

\n
\n

See\nYou At The Morgue by Lawrence Blochman

\n

The Next Audiobook Club\nRecording

\n
\n

Right now we are working through a backlog of older episode that have\nalready been recorded. Once that ends we fully anticipate recording new\nepisodes with listener participation.

\n

Feedback

\n
\n

Thank you very much for listening to this episode of the HPR\nAudioBookClub. We had a great time recording this show, and we hope you\nenjoyed it as well. We also hope you\'ll consider joining us next time we\nrecord a new episode. Please leave a few words in the episode\'s comment\nsection.

\n

As always; remember to visit the HPR contribution page HPR could\nreally use your help right now.

\n

Sincerely, The HPR Audiobook Club

\n

P.S. Some people really like finding mistakes. For their enjoyment,\nwe always include a few.

\n

Our Audio

\n
\n

This episode was processed using Audacity. We\'ve been making\nsmall adjustments to our audio mix each month in order to get the best\npossible sound. Its been especially challenging getting all of our\nvoices relatively level, because everyone has their own unique setup.\nMumble is great for bringing us all together, and for recording, but\nit\'s not good at making everyone\'s voice the same volume. We\'re pretty\nhappy with the way this month\'s show turned out, so we\'d like to share\nour editing process and settings with you and our future selves (who, of\ncourse, will have forgotten all this by then).

\n

We use the \"Truncate Silence\" effect with it\'s default settings to\nminimize the silence between people speaking. When used with it\'s\ndefault (or at least reasonable) settings, Truncate Silence is extremely\neffective and satisfying. It makes everyone sound smarter, it makes the\nfile shorter without destroying actual content, and it makes a\nconversations sound as easy and fluid during playback as it was while it\nwas recorded. It can be even more effective if you can train yourself to\nremain silent instead of saying \"uuuuummmm.\" Just remember to ONLY pass\nthe file through Truncate Silence ONCE. If you pass it through a second\ntime, or if you set it too aggressively your audio may sound sped up and\nchoppy.

\n

Next we use the \"Compressor\" effect with the following settings:

\n
Threshold: -30db\n\nNoise Floor: -50db\n\nRatio: 3:1\n\nAttack Time: 0.2sec\n\nDecay Time: 1.0 sec
\n

\"Make-up Gain for 0db after compressing\" and \"compress based on\npeaks\" were both left un-checked.

\n

After compressing the audio we cut any pre-show and post-show chatter\nfrom the file and save them in a separate file for possible use as\nouttakes after the closing music.

\n

We adjust the Gain so that the VU meter in Audacity hovers around\n-12db while people are speaking, and we try to keep the peaks under\n-6db, and we adjust the Gain on each of the new tracks so that all\nvolumes are similar, and more importantly comfortable. Once this is done\nwe can \"Mix and Render\" all of our tracks into a single track for export\nto the .FLAC file which is uploaded to the HPR server.

\n

At this point we listen back to the whole file and we work on the\nshownotes. This is when we can cut out anything that needs to be cut,\nand we can also make sure that we put any links in the shownotes that\nwere talked about during the recording of the show. We finish the\nshownotes before exporting the .aup file to .FLAC so that we can paste a\ncopy of the shownotes into the audio file\'s metadata.

\n

At this point we add new, empty audio tracks into which we paste the\nintro, outro and possibly outtakes, and we rename each track\naccordingly.

\n

Remember to save often when using Audacity. We like to save after\neach of these steps. Audacity has a reputation for being \"crashy\" but if\nyou remember save after every major transform, you will wonder how it\never got that reputation.

\n

Attribution

\n
\n

Record\nScratch Creative Commons 0

\n',157,0,1,'CC-BY-SA','mars, audiobook club, fiction, scifi, audiobook',0,0,1), (4151,'2024-07-01','HPR Community News for June 2024',0,'HPR Volunteers talk about shows released and comments posted in June 2024','',159,47,1,'CC-BY-SA','Community News',0,0,1), (4176,'2024-08-05','HPR Community News for July 2024',0,'HPR Volunteers talk about shows released and comments posted in July 2024','',159,47,1,'CC-BY-SA','Community News',0,0,1), -(3902,'2023-07-18','Introduction to a new series on FFMPEG',474,'In this episode, I introduce FFMPEG, media containers, and codecs','

Links

\n\n\n',300,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','ffmpeg,video streaming,audio streaming',0,0,1), -(3903,'2023-07-19','Why I don\'t love systemd (yet)',396,'Klaatu reads a script by Deepgeek about systemd','

I\'ve been meaning to put down my thoughts about SystemD for the HPR\ncommunity for some while, so here goes.

\n

I want to say that I am not a SystemD hater. When SystemD was a hot\ntopic of debate, many became irrational over it, but I want to start by\nsaying that I don\'t think it\'s a bad technology. I think it is a rather\ngood technology. I just don\'t want it on my personal computer. So I\nwould like to run things down in this order: what is it (as in, what is\nit really,) what makes it a good technology, why I don\'t want it now\n(but might later,) and a few tips for you if you decide that you don\'t\nwant it currently.

\n

SystemD Is not an init system. SystemD includes an init system.\nSystemD Init was faster than SysVInit, but SystemD Init isn\'t the\nfastest init system, and SysVInit now has a parallelization helper, at\nleast on Debian.

\n

So, if SystemD Init is not SystemD, than what is SystemD? To\nunderstand this we must first understand something about Linux. Linux\noperates under a model where there are root processes, and there are\nuser processes. These two kinds of processes are usually called\n\"layers.\" SystemD is actually a third layer, that can be called a system\nlayer. So when SystemD is added to a Linux system, that changes the\nsystem so that there are three layers, a root layer, a user layer, and a\nsystem layer. As such, you now ask SystemD to set how the system runs.\nThis is why SystemD includes things like an init system, because if you\nwant to change what the system is running, you ask SystemD to change it.\nSystemD then messages an appropriate system to implement the change,\nlike messaging its init system to bring up or bring down a system\ndaemon. Once you play out this in your head a bit, you really realize\nthat SystemD acts more like a message passing system in this regard.

\n

So why do I say SystemD is a good technology? Because this can\nstandardize system control. Without SystemD a fleet of computers becomes\nlike individual fingerprints or unique snowflakes. If you manage many\ncomputers, as many professional IT people do, you want them to all run\nthe same, all have the same profiles and general configurations. So if\nyou have a bunch of computers you are running, you can run a lot more if\nthey are all run the same way. If your job requires you to run 10,000\nwebservers, you want them to run identically because it is impossible to\nkeep an understanding of 10,000 unique configurations in a human\nhead.

\n

SystemD really shines in its support of virtualization as well. So\nto speak of servers, I used to run an email server for a few friends.\nEach of us had a userid and number as unix users. The mapping of unix\nuserids and postfix userids can get confusing when it gets big. Thanks\nto SystemD\'s virtualization work, you can actually put a service like\nemail into a namespace situation so that it has only the users root and\nthe daemon user id (like \"postfix\"), so SystemD greatly enhances\nsecurity for server installations. This might help explain its\ndominance in linux distributions that have been traditionally\nserver-centric, such as debian and redhat.

\n

So why don\'t I don\'t want it? Well, I\'ve been doing a lot of talking\nabout professional computer work and corporate work environments, but I\nuse a \"Personal Computer\" as a hobby. I\'ve been out-of-industry for\ndecades now. And when I say \"Personal Computer\" I\'m not talking a\nhardware specification, rather I\'m talking about \"This is my personal\ncomputer where I do things my way, as opposed to my work computer where\nI do things my companies way\". Dear listener, please remember that I did\nthe first community show contribution to HPR, and my topic was about\npersonalization. For me, a hobbyist interested in operating system\nexperimentation, I don\'t want a system layer, I want a traditional\nunix-like system that operates on a two-layer model and does things my\nway, nobody else\'s way.

\n

So, what advice can I give to those who don\'t want SystemD now? Well,\nrecently I\'ve left Debian. Debian, you see, supports init system\ndiversity, but as you now know dear listener, that is different than\nbeing without SystemD. You may have heard that SystemD is\nlinux-specific, that is to say that it runs only on linux, not anything\nlike a BSD system or a Windows system. But you may be curious to know\nthat it is also Gnu-libC specific. Which means that the C compiler must\nuse GNU\'s libC standard library. Thus, if you have a system built around\nthe Musl C standard library like Alpine or Void, or a system like\nAndroid that runs on the Bionic C Standard library, you wont have a\nSystemD system. I\'m personally learning Void as its package manager\nsupports both binary and a ports collection much like the BSD\'s. But\nthat is what I\'m doing on my personal computer, I leave you in the\nfreedom to do things your way on your personal computer!

\n\n',73,99,0,'CC-BY-SA','systemd,linux',0,0,1); -INSERT INTO `eps` (`id`, `date`, `title`, `duration`, `summary`, `notes`, `hostid`, `series`, `explicit`, `license`, `tags`, `version`, `downloads`, `valid`) VALUES (3904,'2023-07-20','How to make friends',2861,'This topic is being actively researched. Not for production use.','

Show notes

\n
    \n
  • \n

    No clear mark of when friendship starts

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    often feels \"right\" when mutual

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    to some people friendship is a persistent state. once you have it, it's forever unless explicitly dissolved.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    for other people, it's something requiring maintenance. arguable this suggests that there are degrees of friendship, based on when you last spoke to one another.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    degrees of friendship also suggests progression. friend → close friend → best friend.

    \n
    • \n
\n

how to make a friend

\n

friendship requires communication.

\n
    \n
  • \n

    start by communicating in some way that makes the other person feel not unpleasant

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    you're not supposed to target a friend. this can be a frustrating rule, because if you're trying to make a friend, you have to target somebody, but the general consensus is that you're not supposed to \"try too hard\". target lots of people in the hopes of stumbling across somebody to befriend.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    complimenting something they have done, even if it's something simple like wearing a cool shirt, is a very easy start

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    finding ground common allows for repeated communication

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    repetition of this is what builds friendship. this is why friendships often develop at work, but can dissolve quickly after a job change.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    the situation matters. chatting with someone who's being paid to interact with you, like somebody working at a store, doesn't count because in context they more or less cannot choose to stop communicating with you until you leave the store. chatting with someone who has anything to gain by chatting with you doesn't count (like an intern at work).

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    to speed up a developing friendship, you can invite the person to interact with you on something with a clearly defined goal. You like coding? I like coding! Would you care to collaborate for 4 hours on a script that would help me find my Raspberry Pi on my network?

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    during the activity, continue to communicate. this can be difficult because you're doing an activity that you both claim to enjoy, so in theory the activity should be sufficient to further the friendship. However, the activity doesn't build the friendship, it only builds a partnership. It's the communication that builds friendship.

    \n
    • \n
\n

unfortunately, there's no clear point during this process at which you know you have made a friend. so you have to define what a friend is, to you, and then work toward that goal.

\n

Here are some examples of definitions for friendship. There is no right or wrong here, it's really just setting your own expectations and requirements:

\n
    \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone to hang out with on sundays.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone I can call when I've got some free time to kill.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone I can play video games with online.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone I can call, day or night, when I need help.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone who has come over for dinner, and has met my family, and who I see at least once a month.

    \n
    • \n
\n

There's no official definition, so you must define it yourself.\nYour definition may differ from the other person's definition.\nYou might say \"we are best friends\" but they might say \"no, I already have a best friend, but you're a good friend\" and THAT'S OK.

\n

If it helps, classify what kinds of friends you have so you understand what kinds of relationships you are maintaining.\nCommunicate with your friends, even if it's only to let them know that you're bad at communicating on a regular basis, or ask them how frequently they need to communicate to maintain a healthy friendship.

\n',78,108,0,'CC-BY-SA','autism,friendship,relationship,social engineering',0,0,1), +(3902,'2023-07-18','Introduction to a new series on FFMPEG',474,'In this episode, I introduce FFMPEG, media containers, and codecs','

Links

\n\n\n',300,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','ffmpeg,video streaming,audio streaming',0,0,1); +INSERT INTO `eps` (`id`, `date`, `title`, `duration`, `summary`, `notes`, `hostid`, `series`, `explicit`, `license`, `tags`, `version`, `downloads`, `valid`) VALUES (3903,'2023-07-19','Why I don\'t love systemd (yet)',396,'Klaatu reads a script by Deepgeek about systemd','

I\'ve been meaning to put down my thoughts about SystemD for the HPR\ncommunity for some while, so here goes.

\n

I want to say that I am not a SystemD hater. When SystemD was a hot\ntopic of debate, many became irrational over it, but I want to start by\nsaying that I don\'t think it\'s a bad technology. I think it is a rather\ngood technology. I just don\'t want it on my personal computer. So I\nwould like to run things down in this order: what is it (as in, what is\nit really,) what makes it a good technology, why I don\'t want it now\n(but might later,) and a few tips for you if you decide that you don\'t\nwant it currently.

\n

SystemD Is not an init system. SystemD includes an init system.\nSystemD Init was faster than SysVInit, but SystemD Init isn\'t the\nfastest init system, and SysVInit now has a parallelization helper, at\nleast on Debian.

\n

So, if SystemD Init is not SystemD, than what is SystemD? To\nunderstand this we must first understand something about Linux. Linux\noperates under a model where there are root processes, and there are\nuser processes. These two kinds of processes are usually called\n\"layers.\" SystemD is actually a third layer, that can be called a system\nlayer. So when SystemD is added to a Linux system, that changes the\nsystem so that there are three layers, a root layer, a user layer, and a\nsystem layer. As such, you now ask SystemD to set how the system runs.\nThis is why SystemD includes things like an init system, because if you\nwant to change what the system is running, you ask SystemD to change it.\nSystemD then messages an appropriate system to implement the change,\nlike messaging its init system to bring up or bring down a system\ndaemon. Once you play out this in your head a bit, you really realize\nthat SystemD acts more like a message passing system in this regard.

\n

So why do I say SystemD is a good technology? Because this can\nstandardize system control. Without SystemD a fleet of computers becomes\nlike individual fingerprints or unique snowflakes. If you manage many\ncomputers, as many professional IT people do, you want them to all run\nthe same, all have the same profiles and general configurations. So if\nyou have a bunch of computers you are running, you can run a lot more if\nthey are all run the same way. If your job requires you to run 10,000\nwebservers, you want them to run identically because it is impossible to\nkeep an understanding of 10,000 unique configurations in a human\nhead.

\n

SystemD really shines in its support of virtualization as well. So\nto speak of servers, I used to run an email server for a few friends.\nEach of us had a userid and number as unix users. The mapping of unix\nuserids and postfix userids can get confusing when it gets big. Thanks\nto SystemD\'s virtualization work, you can actually put a service like\nemail into a namespace situation so that it has only the users root and\nthe daemon user id (like \"postfix\"), so SystemD greatly enhances\nsecurity for server installations. This might help explain its\ndominance in linux distributions that have been traditionally\nserver-centric, such as debian and redhat.

\n

So why don\'t I don\'t want it? Well, I\'ve been doing a lot of talking\nabout professional computer work and corporate work environments, but I\nuse a \"Personal Computer\" as a hobby. I\'ve been out-of-industry for\ndecades now. And when I say \"Personal Computer\" I\'m not talking a\nhardware specification, rather I\'m talking about \"This is my personal\ncomputer where I do things my way, as opposed to my work computer where\nI do things my companies way\". Dear listener, please remember that I did\nthe first community show contribution to HPR, and my topic was about\npersonalization. For me, a hobbyist interested in operating system\nexperimentation, I don\'t want a system layer, I want a traditional\nunix-like system that operates on a two-layer model and does things my\nway, nobody else\'s way.

\n

So, what advice can I give to those who don\'t want SystemD now? Well,\nrecently I\'ve left Debian. Debian, you see, supports init system\ndiversity, but as you now know dear listener, that is different than\nbeing without SystemD. You may have heard that SystemD is\nlinux-specific, that is to say that it runs only on linux, not anything\nlike a BSD system or a Windows system. But you may be curious to know\nthat it is also Gnu-libC specific. Which means that the C compiler must\nuse GNU\'s libC standard library. Thus, if you have a system built around\nthe Musl C standard library like Alpine or Void, or a system like\nAndroid that runs on the Bionic C Standard library, you wont have a\nSystemD system. I\'m personally learning Void as its package manager\nsupports both binary and a ports collection much like the BSD\'s. But\nthat is what I\'m doing on my personal computer, I leave you in the\nfreedom to do things your way on your personal computer!

\n\n',73,99,0,'CC-BY-SA','systemd,linux',0,0,1), +(3904,'2023-07-20','How to make friends',2861,'This topic is being actively researched. Not for production use.','

Show notes

\n
    \n
  • \n

    No clear mark of when friendship starts

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    often feels \"right\" when mutual

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    to some people friendship is a persistent state. once you have it, it's forever unless explicitly dissolved.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    for other people, it's something requiring maintenance. arguable this suggests that there are degrees of friendship, based on when you last spoke to one another.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    degrees of friendship also suggests progression. friend → close friend → best friend.

    \n
    • \n
\n

how to make a friend

\n

friendship requires communication.

\n
    \n
  • \n

    start by communicating in some way that makes the other person feel not unpleasant

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    you're not supposed to target a friend. this can be a frustrating rule, because if you're trying to make a friend, you have to target somebody, but the general consensus is that you're not supposed to \"try too hard\". target lots of people in the hopes of stumbling across somebody to befriend.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    complimenting something they have done, even if it's something simple like wearing a cool shirt, is a very easy start

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    finding ground common allows for repeated communication

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    repetition of this is what builds friendship. this is why friendships often develop at work, but can dissolve quickly after a job change.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    the situation matters. chatting with someone who's being paid to interact with you, like somebody working at a store, doesn't count because in context they more or less cannot choose to stop communicating with you until you leave the store. chatting with someone who has anything to gain by chatting with you doesn't count (like an intern at work).

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    to speed up a developing friendship, you can invite the person to interact with you on something with a clearly defined goal. You like coding? I like coding! Would you care to collaborate for 4 hours on a script that would help me find my Raspberry Pi on my network?

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    during the activity, continue to communicate. this can be difficult because you're doing an activity that you both claim to enjoy, so in theory the activity should be sufficient to further the friendship. However, the activity doesn't build the friendship, it only builds a partnership. It's the communication that builds friendship.

    \n
    • \n
\n

unfortunately, there's no clear point during this process at which you know you have made a friend. so you have to define what a friend is, to you, and then work toward that goal.

\n

Here are some examples of definitions for friendship. There is no right or wrong here, it's really just setting your own expectations and requirements:

\n
    \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone to hang out with on sundays.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone I can call when I've got some free time to kill.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone I can play video games with online.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone I can call, day or night, when I need help.

    \n
    • \n
  • \n

    A friend is someone who has come over for dinner, and has met my family, and who I see at least once a month.

    \n
    • \n
\n

There's no official definition, so you must define it yourself.\nYour definition may differ from the other person's definition.\nYou might say \"we are best friends\" but they might say \"no, I already have a best friend, but you're a good friend\" and THAT'S OK.

\n

If it helps, classify what kinds of friends you have so you understand what kinds of relationships you are maintaining.\nCommunicate with your friends, even if it's only to let them know that you're bad at communicating on a regular basis, or ask them how frequently they need to communicate to maintain a healthy friendship.

\n',78,108,0,'CC-BY-SA','autism,friendship,relationship,social engineering',0,0,1), (3905,'2023-07-21','Presenting Fred Black',1105,'I have a short talk to present Fred Black.','
    \n
  • IB-program https://ibo.org/
    • \n
  • Animals To The Max https://corbinmaxey.com/podcast-1
    • \n
  • I Spend A Day With... https://feeds.megaphone.fm/ispentadaywith
    • \n
  • The Vinyl Guide https://www.thevinylguide.com/
    • \n
  • NSOD - Norsken, Svensken og Dansken https://podkast.nrk.no/program/norsken_svensken_og_dansken.rss
    • \n
\n',309,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','school,podcasts,instrument,quiz',0,0,1), (3906,'2023-07-24','The Oh No! News.',1741,'Sgoti discusses the threat of convenience.','

The Oh No! news.

\n

Oh No! News is Good\nNews.

\n
    \n
  • TAGS: Oh No News, InfoSec, browser security,\nsession tokens, session id
    • \n
\n
\n

InfoSec; the language\nof security.

\n
    \n
  • Source: Session ID.
    \n
    • \n
  • Source: JSON Web\nToken.
    \n\n
      \n
    • Terms\nof Use: Copyleft, free content
      \n
      • \n
    • \n
  • Source: Session\nvs Token Based Authentication.
    \n\n
      \n
    • Terms\nof Use: CC-BY-SA (with CC-BY-NC-SA elements).
      \n
      • \n
    • \n
  • Source: Steal Application\nAccess Token. Adversaries can steal application access tokens as a\nmeans of acquiring credentials to access remote systems and resources.\nApplication access tokens are used to make authorized API requests on\nbehalf of a user or service and are commonly used as a way to access\nresources in cloud and container-based applications and\nsoftware-as-a-service (SaaS).
    \n\n
      \n
    • Terms of\nUse: Similar to CC-BY-SA
      \n
      • \n
    • \n
  • Source: Analysis:\nCircleCI attackers stole session cookie to bypass MFA.
    \n\n
      \n
    • Terms of\nUse: Section 8. CONTENT AND CONTENT LICENSES. NOT\ncertain
      \n
      • \n
    • \n
  • Source: How to Prevent\nSession Hijacking?
    \n\n
    • \n
\n
\n
    \n
  • Additional Information.\n
      \n
    • What is a \"Data\nBreach\"? A data breach is a security violation, in which sensitive,\nprotected or confidential data is copied, transmitted, viewed, stolen,\naltered or used by an individual unauthorized to do so.
      • \n
    • What is \"Malware\"?\nMalware (a portmanteau for\nmalicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause\ndisruption to a computer, server, client, or computer network, leak\nprivate information, gain unauthorized access to information or systems,\ndeprive access to information, or which unknowingly interferes with the\nuser\'s computer security and privacy.
      • \n
    • What is a \"Payload\"?\nIn the context of a computer virus or worm, the payload is the portion\nof the malware which performs malicious action; deleting data, sending\nspam or encrypting data. In addition to the payload, such malware also\ntypically has overhead code aimed at simply spreading itself, or\navoiding detection.
      • \n
    • What is \"Phishing\"?\nPhishing is a form of social engineering\nwhere attackers deceive people into revealing sensitive information or\ninstalling malware such as ransomware. Phishing\nattacks have become increasingly sophisticated and often transparently\nmirror the site being targeted, allowing the attacker to observe\neverything while the victim is navigating the site, and transverse any\nadditional security boundaries with the victim.
      • \n
    • Social\nengineering (security) In the context of information security,\nsocial engineering is the psychological\nmanipulation of people into performing actions or divulging\nconfidential information. A type of confidence trick for the purpose of\ninformation gathering, fraud, or system access, it differs from a\ntraditional \"con\" in that it is often one of many steps in a more\ncomplex fraud scheme.
      \n
      • \n
    • What is \"Information\nSecurity\" (InfoSec)? Information security, sometimes shortened to\nInfoSec, is the practice of protecting information by mitigating information risks. It\nis part of information risk\nmanagement.\n
        \n
      • Information Security Attributes: Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (C.I.A.).\nInformation Systems are composed in three main portions, hardware,\nsoftware and communications with the purpose to help identify and apply\ninformation security industry standards, as mechanisms of protection and\nprevention, at three levels or layers: physical, personal and\norganizational. Essentially, procedures or policies are implemented to\ntell administrators, users and operators how to use products to ensure\ninformation security within the organizations.
        • \n
      • \n
    • What is \"Risk\nmanagement\"? Risk management is the identification, evaluation, and\nprioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical\napplication of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the\nprobability or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the\nrealization of opportunities.
      • \n
    • What is a \"Vulnerability\"\n(computing)? Vulnerabilities are flaws in a computer system that\nweaken the overall security of the device/system. Vulnerabilities can be\nweaknesses in either the hardware itself, or the software that runs on\nthe hardware.
      • \n
    • What is an \"Attack\nSurface\"? The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of\nthe different points (for \"attack vectors\") where an unauthorized user\n(the \"attacker\") can try to enter data to or extract data from an\nenvironment. Keeping the attack surface as small as possible is a basic\nsecurity measure.
      • \n
    • What is an \"Attack\nVector\"? In computer security, an attack vector is a specific path,\nmethod, or scenario that can be exploited to break into an IT system,\nthus compromising its security. The term was derived from the\ncorresponding notion of vector in biology. An attack vector may be\nexploited manually, automatically, or through a combination of manual\nand automatic activity.
      • \n
    • What is\n\"Standardization\"? Standardization is the process of implementing\nand developing technical standards based on the consensus of different\nparties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards\norganizations and governments. Standardization can help maximize\ncompatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. It\ncan also facilitate a normalization of formerly custom processes.\n
      • \n
    • What is a \"Replay\nattack\"? A replay attack is a form of network attack in which valid\ndata transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed.\nAnother way of describing such an attack is: \"an attack on a security\nprotocol using a replay of messages from a different context into the\nintended (or original and expected) context, thereby fooling the honest\nparticipant(s) into thinking they have successfully completed the\nprotocol run.\"
      • \n
    • What is a\n\"Man-in-the-middle attack\"? In cryptography and computer security, a\nman-in-the-middle, ..., attack is a cyberattack where the attacker\nsecretly relays and possibly alters the communications between two\nparties who believe that they are directly communicating with each\nother, as the attacker has inserted themselves between the two\nparties.
      • \n
    • What is \"Transport Layer\nSecurity\" (TLS)? Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic\nprotocol designed to provide communications security over a computer\nnetwork. The protocol is widely used in applications such as email,\ninstant messaging, and voice over IP, but its use in securing HTTPS\nremains the most publicly visible.
      • \n
    • What is a \"Handshake\"\n(computing)?. In computing, a handshake is a signal between two\ndevices or programs, used to, e.g., authenticate, coordinate. An example\nis the handshaking between a hypervisor and an application in a guest\nvirtual machine.
      • \n
    • What is Security\ntheater? The practice of taking security measures that are\nconsidered to provide the feeling of improved security while doing\nlittle or nothing to achieve it.
      \n
      • \n
    • \n
\n
\n\n',391,74,0,'CC-BY-SA','Oh No News, InfoSec, browser security, session tokens, session id',0,0,1), (3908,'2023-07-26','Emacs package curation, part 2',667,'Let\'s go through every single package installed in my Emacs configuration. File 2 of 3.','

We discuss the packages installed in the second of three files that\nmake up my emacs config.

\n
;;; init-base.el ---  The basics\n;;; Commentary:\n;;; Packages for my personal and work laptop, but not termux.\n\n;;; Code:\n\n;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n;;; Writing ;;;\n;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n\n;; Focused writing mode\n(use-package olivetti\n  :hook (olivetti-mode . typewriter-mode-toggle)\n  :bind ("C-x C-w" . olivetti-mode)\n  :custom (olivetti-body-width 64)\n  :config\n      (defvar-local typewriter-mode nil\n      "Typewriter mode, automatically scroll down to keep cursor in\n      the middle of the screen. Setting this variable explicitly will\n      not do anything, use typewriter-mode-on, typewriter-mode-off\n      and typewriter-mode-toggle instead.")\n      (defun typewriter-mode-on()\n      "Automatically scroll down to keep cursor in the middle of screen."\n        (interactive)\n        (setq-local typewriter-mode t)\n        (centered-cursor-mode +1))\n      (defun typewriter-mode-off()\n      "Automatically scroll down to keep cursor in the middle of screen."\n        (interactive)\n        (kill-local-variable 'typewriter-mode)\n        (centered-cursor-mode -1))\n      (defun typewriter-mode-toggle()\n        "Toggle typewriter scrolling mode on and off."\n        (interactive)\n        (if typewriter-mode (typewriter-mode-off) (typewriter-mode-on))))\n\n(use-package centered-cursor-mode)\n\n;; Check for weasel words and some other simple rules\n(use-package writegood-mode\n  :bind ("C-c g" . writegood-mode))\n\n;; spellchecking\n(use-package flyspell-correct\n  :after flyspell\n  :bind (:map flyspell-mode-map\n              ("C-;" . flyspell-correct-wrapper)))\n\n;; show correction options in a popup instead of the minibuffer\n(use-package flyspell-correct-popup\n  :after (flyspell-correct))\n\n;online thesaurus service from powerthesaurus.org\n(use-package powerthesaurus)\n\n;; WordNet Thesaurus replacement\n(use-package synosaurus\n  :custom (synosaurus-choose-method 'default)\n  :config (when window-system\n            (if (string= (x-server-vendor) "Microsoft Corp.")\n              (setq synosaurus-wordnet--command "C:\\\\Program Files (x86)\\\\WordNet\\\\2.1\\\\bin\\\\wn.exe"))))\n\n;; WordNet search and view\n(use-package wordnut\n  :bind ("C-c s" . wordnut-search)\n  :config (when window-system\n            (if (string= (x-server-vendor) "Microsoft Corp.")\n                (setq wordnut-cmd "C:\\\\Program Files (x86)\\\\WordNet\\\\2.1\\\\bin\\\\wn.exe"))))\n\n;; fill and unfill with the same key\n(use-package unfill\n  :bind ("M-q" . unfill-toggle))\n\n;; Markdown...\n(use-package markdown-mode)\n\n;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n;;; Coding ;;;\n;;;;;;;;;;;;;;\n\n;; Syntax checking\n(use-package flycheck\n  :diminish\n  :init (global-flycheck-mode))\n\n(use-package flycheck-popup-tip\n  :after (flycheck)\n  :hook (flycheck-mode-hook . flycheck-popup-tip-mode))\n\n;; Web design\n(use-package emmet-mode\n  :hook (sgml-mode . emmet-mode) ;; Auto-start on any markup modes\n        (css-mode . emmet-mode)) ;; enable Emmet's css abbreviation.\n\n(use-package sass-mode)\n\n(use-package web-mode)\n\n;; Python\n(use-package python\n  :mode ("\\\\.py\\\\'" . python-mode)\n  :interpreter ("python" . python-mode))\n\n;; highlight todo items everywhere\n(use-package hl-todo\n  :straight (:host github :repo "tarsius/hl-todo")\n  :custom (hl-todo-keyword-faces\n             `(("FIXME" error bold)\n             ("STUB" error bold)\n             ("REPLACETHIS" error bold)\n             ("REVISIT" error bold)))\n          (hl-todo-exclude-modes nil)\n  :config (add-to-list 'hl-todo-include-modes 'org-mode)\n  :init (global-hl-todo-mode))\n\n;; git\n(use-package magit)\n\n(use-package git-timemachine)\n\n;; rest APIs via org source block\n(use-package ob-restclient)\n\n;;; END ;;;\n\n(provide 'init-base)\n;;; init-base.el ends here
\n',399,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','emacs,elisp',0,0,1), @@ -21110,4 +21111,4 @@ UNLOCK TABLES; /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */; /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */; --- Dump completed on 2023-08-21 6:21:11 +-- Dump completed on 2023-08-22 7:25:56