hpr-knowledge-base/hpr_transcripts/hpr3357.txt

Episode: 3357
Title: HPR3357: My terminal journey, part 02.
Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr3357/hpr3357.mp3
Transcribed: 2025-10-24 21:35:06

---

This is Hacker Public Radio Episode 3357 Fortuzzi, the 15th of June 2021.
Tid's show is entitled, My Terminal Journey, Part 02,
and is part of the series' apps' feel-on-king it is hosted by some by on the internet
and is about 32 minutes long and carries a clean flag. The summary is becoming terminal-friendly.
This episode of HPR is brought to you by archive.org.
Support universal access to all knowledge by heading over to archive.org forward slash donate.
Hello ladies and gentlemen and welcome to another episode of Hacker Public Radio. I'm your host,
some guy on the internet and today we're going to have another episode apart two of my terminal
journey and this is you know the becoming friendly with the terminal is the sub title here.
It's part of the app's feel-on-king series because I didn't know what else to uh to select as
and I was tired to just constantly selecting general for everything but I mean you know it general
works right. Alrighty so I've got a new format I'm eager to test it out let's get right into it.
All right first thing first we're going to be discovering our packages meaning our packages that
need to be updated and upgraded on our system and we're going to be using the vertical list this time
using the apt package manager that's just the APT package manager. Now let me just go ahead and
move right on over to so APT that is the alpha of papa tango apt package manager we want to do a
command of pseudo apt list so that pseudo space apt space list space and then we're going to do
hyphen hyphen upgradable. All right let's start off with pseudo pseudo is your root privileges if
you're used to windows windows you would have the uh add administrative privileges or whatever
or run as administrative whenever you were right click on a file and then run it you would get the
option to run as administrator uh well in Linux using the terminal pseudo is that exact same thing
it's root in Linux so you're getting root privileges for a single command now the apt APT is the
command name apt is the package manager under Ubuntu and Ubuntu based systems um there are others
that you can use as well you know there's apt is apt get aptitude it but we're going to talk about
apt for now uh what we're going to add on to that as well as the list you want to get a list of the
packages but not just any list of packages you want only the ones that are upgradeable and that's
why we use the dash dash upgradeable just to kind of narrow things in and that'll just give us the
list of packages that have an available upgrade all right so I'm going to make sure that I give you
that command standard output down in the show notes and I'll shorten it up I'll get a little bit
from the top a little bit from the middle and a little bit from the bottom of the output and just
paste it in there so that way you can get a feel of how the layout of it will come obviously
depending on how often you update upgrade your your system yeah you you might have a lot more
if you don't do it very often or if you like me you update regularly it won't be that much
but again I only put a few of them here just because this is just to give you a feel of what you
should see if you run that command all righty next up let's talk about apt get now the reason we're
going to use apt get instead of apt this time is because apt has the list function that you can
use to get the list of upgradeable packages that's nice that's great if you want to use apt but
another way that you can do it and get a different layout of the packages you know like a different
format for how the information is displayed for you with a little extra information as well as we
can use apt get which is virtually the same thing is just I think apt was created by Ubuntu and apt
get was created by devian but I think I'm fairly on par here we go so the first thing we're going to
do here's the command pseudo apt get now that's that's apt hyphen get they were going to do a space
they were going to use the hyphen u option following that we're going to do a space upgrade space
assume no well it'll be space dash dash assume no to the very end of the command let's go ahead and
go through a breakdown of that command so you guys remember the pseudo part right that's just
root privileges aka admin privileges for a single command then we move into apt get which is
the command name and it's the command name of the package manager which is known as apt get
now we're going to go to that u option there or u flag however you want to call it
it also has the long form which is dash dash show upgraded right and all that does is list the
upgradable packages now the thing about this one is it has to be used with the upgrade command you
can't just run apt get and then do the u option and get the upgraded packages you have to run and
upgrade as well to then get the list of upgraded packages so obviously we're going to run the
upgrade command right after the attack you or or dash you excuse me now we don't actually want to
upgrade we just want to see the packages so what we do is at the very end of that we're going to
use assume no and all that does is just says you know at the end of the command when you're installing
software or updating or whatever it says you know do you want to continue or do you want to make
these changes to the system you're automatically going to be answering no to that because you don't
want to make any changes you just want to see it first right so that's what we're doing no commitment
here no right off the jump but just give me the the information I want that's the design of this
command so now right after that oh you know what I should probably tell you this as well the command
in Linux meant the the option for dash u or the show upgrade that's not actually in the man page
for apt get I had to go online to view that because the man page for Linux meant I mean the man page
for apt get under Linux meant it'll show you at the very top in the synopsis that you is an
option that can be ran but down in the description we try to get more details on it it's not
available down in there so I don't know if that's a bug or what and I don't even know how to I don't
know who to even tell that that's a bug I don't know if you tell Linux meant that or you know it's
so I'm still trying to figure that out but I'll eventually just post it in a couple of places and
see what information I get back okay so the command standard output should give us a nice
long list not really long but it depends again on how long it's been since the last time you've
done an update upgrade this command will give you the packages in a horizontal layout though so it'll
be just one package after another going from left to right as well as some other useful information
like it'll also tell you things like let me just take a quick look here following packages were
automatically installed and no longer are required so you'll get the auto remove thing if you
wanted to do pseudo app auto removed it shows you what packages will be removed if you do that
now in my case I have an Nvidia GPU in here and it's showing a bunch of Nvidia stuff in here to auto
remove I'm not going to auto remove that because that sounds like a bad idea like I may have a
serious situation if I do that plus I haven't investigated what those different things are I know
that they have to do with the GPU but I still don't know exactly why it's telling me to remove them
so I can investigate them and I know about them now but I'm not going to run that command which is
the auto remove command no sir I see which packages have been kept back which is great it's got some
images in there that it's keeping back okay I see that and it lets me know in total that I have
60 packages that could use an upgrade and five of them will not be upgrade in total that'll be
295 now after this operation that you know how much this space will be used and it automatically says
no to do you want to continue because we put the assume no in there so it's a nice breakdown of
everything and it just it just allows you to see more of what your system is doing when you
updating upgrade right and you get a list of those packages like you know what what exactly is my
system installing you see it you can now from the last episode you know how to use the app cache
so you can search now and discover what your repository has as far as information on the packages
and the reason I'm showing you all of this is when you're learning Linux and you see a lot of people
doing things like you'll start off with a lot of graphical interfaces like you in Linux Mint we
have a store just like other distributions and that's a gooey way of viewing things but you'll
see a lot of tutorials people do a lot of things through the command line and it does look much faster
you get just the basic information without all the graphical nonsense which is fine if that's what
you want to use but sometimes I just want the information and this way gives it to me faster and
in the format I'm comfortable with now and I'm showing you how to do the exact same thing you don't
have to pull up a web browser you know how to use app cache with the search option there and start
searching through your the distributions cache of packages to identify each and every single one of
these packages and that'll get you going so I'll try to link to the last episode where part one
of the becoming terminal friendly so that way you can see that or listen to that because it's a
podcast sorry about that well I mean technically that there are show notes too so you can see and listen
to it I'm hoping this is a great new user learning tool but enough distractions let's keep powering
right through this we're going to move right on into our third command of the day we're going to
talk about this one is not app related by the way this is now we're going into the devian packaging tool
this this comes with a lot of Ubuntu basic distributions again I'm on Linux Mint 20 so this is
called the dpkg tool and we're going to be using it as dpkg hyphen query and we're going to use the
dash l option when using that command let's go ahead and do a breakdown so the command name
will be called dpkg-query now I don't think you need to use the dash query here I like to use it
that way because that's the way it was listed in the man page but and I'll talk to you more about
the man pages a little bit later on some cool tricks you can do with that as well to keep you from
always having to pop into a terminal read the man page you can kind of do it through a text follow
whatever as well and make it a little bit easier to search through as well because you can use
grip to search through it a lot faster that way but I'll talk to you about that later on all right so
you know what the query is that's the name of it you're just going to be searching but what we're
going to be querying is a list of all the installed packages so that's why you use the dash l
or if you want to do long format like if you're doing the script with this in there
which I don't know why you yeah if you were interested in doing a long format it will be dash
dash list so it'd be dpkg hyphen query space dash dash list so that's the long way of doing it
the short way is just dash l as an option to listen install packages so that'll just give you
a massive list depending on how many packages you have on your system it is going to be a big
boy list and I will have an abridged version of that list here I'm only going to show a couple of
packages because again I think it was like two thousand something packages or something so there's
no need to put all that up on here you just need to see what it looks like so that way you can get
familiar with what you're going to see and you'll have an option as to how do you want to view
this information and that's important because your workflow how how do you feel comfortable with it
now another thing you could do using dpkg query instead of using the lowercase l you know the first
when we did dpkg query space hyphen lowercase l that was the first third command excuse me for the
fourth command here we're going to be a little bit more specific and we're going to use dpkg
hyphen query space hyphen capital L now and after we get that capital L we put another space
and then we actually give a command name and the example that I'm going to use here one of the
commands that we got like the very first command in there or something like that was the ad app
command or a package I should say it's also the command but it is the package excuse me
mouth is probably need to drink some water here okay I'm back I had a little bit of water
where did we left off capital L using the dpkg query with the capital L or the long form of it
instead of typing capital L you can spell it out with dash dash list files now you give a specific
file that you want to list in this case we're going to be using the ad hyphen apt hyphen key
that's the name of the file we're going to be using because that's the one that's installed
on our system that was revealed when we use the the third command which was the dpkg hyphen query
space hyphen lowercase l that gave us that massive string of packages installed and we just
pick one of the ones at the top to do a specific search on now this specific search using the
capital L on the ad app key package would reveal just a vertical sort of directory style layout
of the package and you know location so it'll give you like to read me the authors all the other
stuff that's in there so if you if you search like them or any other thing that you have installed
you can find out where it is first of all which is great and this also depends on how it's installed so
this is dpkg so if it was installed via a deb package using the app package manager that's great
but if you did something like use a snap then this this is not going to cover that so that's why
you run that first I mean in order of commands that we've already ran through you would run that
third command which was the dpkg query lowercase l to first see what commands are available to test
the specific thing on that they were doing now the uppercase or or capital L that we're currently
talking about and yeah I got a couple examples of what those command outputs would be down in
the show notes down in there so you can just scroll right down there see the dpkg query the two
versions that we're talking about which is the third command and the fourth command and see what
the outputs will look like and again those outputs or at least the one for the lowercase l dpkg
query lowercase l that would be a bridge because it's massive I'm not going to show that whole thing
all right so for our fifth and sixth command we're going to be talking about apt mark that's the name
of another portion of apt and apt mark basically just allows you to mark and hold a package that way
the package you know it won't be allowed to be upgraded if you don't want it upgraded an example
of that I can give you let's say cadence live right back in the day or not back in the day but
you know about a year ago whatever when I started using well I guess it was more in a year ago
because I started in 2019 using Linux but when I started using cadence live either way no matter
when it was I forgot where version it was but I do remember it they had an update and that update
caused a lot of crashes and I was trying to figure out a way to keep that damn thing from updating turns
out this method would not have helped me using the apt mark for that particular package because
of the way I installed it I used flat pack to install it so I don't believe that apt mark would
have saved me in that particular case but I'm just using it as an example so that you could
understand why you would want to keep a program from updating or upgrading because when you're
trying to get your work done editing video files and all of that and everything was great just
yesterday and then now today this damn things crashing non-stopping you don't know what to do
oh it was frustrating I eventually found out that they had that they had
what they call app images and the app images I could just stay on the same version
and not upgrade you know that would have been so sweet if I had I was new at the time so I didn't
really know I had to do a bunch of googling to try to figure out what the hell could I possibly do
found some answers on reddit things worked out ultimately but if you have a package installed via
apt you know using apt git or apt or aptitude whatever you can then hold that package in its current
position so that it will not be updated or upgraded by using the apt hyphen mark command now I
got a command example down in here and we're going to I'm going to spell it out for you and then we
are go through a breakdown pseudo space apt hyphen mark space hold space in the package that we're
going to hold for an example here is google hyphen chrome hyphen stable that's the command that
we're going to be using now let's go ahead and throw a semicolon in here which is going to serve
as you know an end of that command and then we're going to talk about how to reveal that this
package was actually held that is the pseudo apt hyphen mark show hold all right so you guys know
about the pseudo root privileges apt mark commanding hold is what we want to do using apt mark so we
want to prevent the package from being updated or upgraded whatever using hold in that particular
package that we're affecting using hold would be google chrome stable we're going to end that
command using the semicolon using that that's going to be our separator as well so when we run
the second command immediately after the first one we do a space after the semicolon and begin
our second command which is pseudo apt mark show hold to reveal the packages that are being
affected by hold nice and easy isn't it now the breakdown I'll put out there and show no to look
a little bit better than how I'm explaining it to you but I hope that it made sense now because
that was an example and I really don't want to hold google chrome I just wanted to show you
you that you could hold a package from upgrading just to keep it at a certain version
until you're ready to upgrade it so say for instance the upgrade 6.1 was buggy so you're waiting
for like 6.2 or 3d come out and then you'll upgrade to that to avoid the buggyness of 6.1 that's
you know a nice cleaner example we want to un hold now so that way we can get that clean
stable upgrade so what we're going to run here the command is pseudo apt mark un hold google chrome
stable right that's that's the layout there and we're going to do a quick little breakdown
pseudo root privileges apt mark is the command name un hold is what we want to do using
apt mark and then google chrome stable is the package that was once affected by hold but will no
longer be affected by hold because we're now invoking un hold all right now once we run that command
once you hit enter and run that if you were to then do another show hold to reveal what packages
being held you should get nothing back because you know that was the only package that you had
affected by hold and now that you've removed it using un hold yeah you get zero all righty last but
not least our bonus command of the evening today I want to share with you how I export my man pages
and I do this because I want to view my man pages in VS code and I can actually like if I'm in
the terminal also on VS code you know I told you that it has a built-in terminal I think it's
controlled till there or something like that that'll pull up the terminal in VS code but that's
the way I do a lot of things in terminal now and I just open up VS code because I got both the
note pad and the terminal on one application screen super nice but I like to export my man pages
especially the ones that I use a lot especially when I was building out the show notes and everything
for this I needed to go back and forth back and forth and copying and pasting from the terminal
is a little bit awkward from time to time just because you forget the hold shift when you're
doing it so like if you copy it on the text pad you would just do control C and then you go to
another thing and then you do control V to paste well when you copying from the terminal you have
to do control shift C if not it'll just do control C which will cancel the command and you know
and it got a little awkward so it's like if I just export these to a text file I won't have that
problem anymore and now we're about to learn how I do that it's a massive command well not
massive I shouldn't exaggerate but it's it's it's pretty big so I'm not going to go through the
entire thing it'll be there so you can see it and I'm going to I'm going to walk you through
most of it and leave the rest for you to kind of figure out on your own so it's like a little
exercise built in but not too difficult again I'm thinking new users are going to benefit from this
the most and this this should help so in that command down there the bonus command section down
there where you'll see exporting man pages the first of all I started off with touch you can use
touch to create files you can also use it to update so you can check the man page for a touch by
typing in man space touch and then you can see what touch is capable of doing but we use touch
to create the apt get text file that's the first section of it we use a semicolon to separate that
command and begin the next one which is running a date to command now right after the date command we
use the greater than and then we want to send because that greater than allows us to send our
standard output into a different direction rather than showing it on the screen because we don't
want to see it on the screen we know what it'll reveal but we want to put it into that command we
we're about to create so to command the the file we're about to create is called apt get zero one
dot txt we're going to send date the output of running the date command directly into that file
and the reason we're doing that just so we can whenever we open the file we don't know the date
that we created it the date and time then we're going to run the third part is an echo command
we use the echo command with the hyphen e flag or option that will allow us to insert a new line
you'll see in double quotes there I'll have a backslash in that's how you do new line with echo
so basically it's just like when you're in the text document and you press enter and you get to
the next line now if you were to do that and you didn't type anything it would just be a blank
line right nothing to be there but you still would create a new line just by pressing the enter key
or depending on your keyboard I think it might be labeled return key whatever
but that's what that backslash in it does and the only way that'll work is if you have the hyphen e
option if you don't have the hyphen e option then that backslash in will not create a new line
and then what we want to do is use double greater than symbols there to redirect what that means is
the first one redirects the output the second one signals to append that redirected output
to the selected file so we don't want to wipe the file and replace it with a new space we just
want to add the new space behind the last thing that we sent to the file which was the date command
remember we sent the output of the date command now we're appending to that using a new line
using echo so I'm just putting a space in the file basically it's a little weird how you do it
but it works trust me and you can test it out I made this a little bit cleaner rather than my own
personal directories I figured everybody's got just a regular documents directory so it'd be
easier for you to just test this command out on your own all right so the fourth section of this
command would be apt-get version right because we want to know the version of apt-get that we have
on our system and we want that placed in the command after that new line we just created
so we're throwing our version of apt-get into the file the fifth section here is going to be an
echo now just like the first echo we use to create a new line this time you'll see backslash in
backslash in apt-get right so there's two blank spaces after the version that we just
put into the file now say that again two blank spaces followed by apt-get space hyphen hyphen
help because that's the command that we're about to send into the file and then after you see the
word help what do you see two more blank spaces or not spaces new lines excuse me I keep saying
spaces but new lines that's what the backslash in stands for so you get two new lines apt-get
dash dash help and then two more new lines in other words we are creating a label so when we're
viewing the file you can see that there's going to be a gap in between the version information
and then you'll get the label and then there's going to be another gap following the label
and what are we going to put following the label well the actual command which is apt-get space
hyphen hyphen help which is the help page for apt-get right so we want that in the command before
we add anything else now we go ahead and put you know we do the double greater than remember
where we're pending so double greater than add that apt-get help right beneath the label
into the command I mean into the file now there's three more portions of this they are intentionally
left the blank you should be able to look at them and tell exactly what they're doing from the
breakdown that I've given if not I mean just test it play with it it's nothing harmful I'm sure
if it was something harmful the community appointed out we got a great community I promise you
it's not harmful at all if anything you'll just be confusing to your manipulated a little bit and
then you'll see oh yeah he's right you know you're just adding labels into a file because you can
just open up the file in VS Codeium or if you're using Z or whatever your text you know them whatever
you're using and yeah you know just play with it see what what you're capable of doing and this
is basically how I learned you know found some commands read about them in the man pages maybe even
search them online if I couldn't find information a way that I needed to absorb it from the man pages
and then you know just kept searching and playing and towing with all of this stuff and there you go
so now you're probably 1% less new which means you're still right beside me
in this race and I hope this was beneficial to you that's all I've got time for today and
until the next episode I'll see you guys later
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