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Episode: 271
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Title: HPR0271: Stallman on Free Beer
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Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr0271/hpr0271.mp3
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Transcribed: 2025-10-07 15:10:03
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---
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Hmm.
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So, my name is Henrik and I'm actually calling on behalf of Superflex.
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So, you said super what?
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Superflex.
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Okay, I don't recall that name.
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Do you remember the free beer?
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Yes.
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What we hoped to do with you was to ask you to taste and review the beer, which is, which
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I heard from last time.
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Because I don't like beer.
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I also, I don't like the emphasis that most people put on getting drunk.
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I have only got drunk once in my life and that was on a transatlantic flight when I had
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made the mistake of putting my sleeping pills into my suitcase, which I checked.
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I tried using whiskey to achieve the same effect and it didn't work very well partly because
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it was so disgusting I could hardly swallow it.
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Did you manage to sleep in the end?
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I slept a little bit.
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But I was thinking that maybe we could try and do something remotely similar to a review
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just without actually talking about the taste and the hue and the...
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Okay.
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So, if you could pretend that you were reviewing this idea of a free beer or...
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I love the idea as long as I don't have to drink it.
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So, I was wondering about the name because, you know, most people will think about this only
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as free beer in the free beer sense.
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Well.
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But there is another...
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Are you selling samples of it?
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Well, actually, we do sell free beer in our shop, but we also...
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I hope so.
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It probably costs you money to produce a batch.
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Exactly.
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So it makes sense to sell bottles of it or glasses of it.
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And so, that will make people think they'll see.
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This is free in the sense of freedom, but it's not gratis.
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Exactly.
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And that was also the concept from day one.
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Do you have anything against or for naming a beer free beer?
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I like the idea because it's a cute way of making your point.
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And could it be called a hack in the sense of...
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Yes.
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Yes, it is a hack.
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Playful cleverness is hacking.
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So, this is hacking.
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I remember that we received an email from you, a couple of months back,
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with some very constructive comments about intellectual property
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and the way we used to...
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Well, actually, my comments may have been about quote
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intellectual property.
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Exactly.
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Because I never talk about...
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I never used that term.
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And that's what you were telling me.
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And it's a mistake to do so.
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Because that term mixes together various different laws
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with totally different effects as if they were a single thing.
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So, anyone who tries to think about the supposed quote
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issue of intellectual property, unquote,
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is already so badly confused that he can't think clearly about it.
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Now, in this same email, you also suggested that we call the beer
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a free software beer instead of an open source beer.
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Yes.
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I founded the free software movement
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and open source is a term used to co-opt our work
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to separate our work from our ideals that motivated it.
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See, we developed software that users are free to run and share
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and change as they wish for the sake of freedom.
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Because those freedoms, we believe, are essential.
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Then there were millions of people who appreciated the software
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and appreciated being able to share and change it
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and found that it was very good software too.
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But they didn't want to present this as an ethical issue.
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So, they started using a different term open source
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as a way to describe the same software
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without ever bringing it up as an ethical issue,
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as a matter of freedoms that people are entitled to.
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Well, they're entitled to their opinions.
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But I don't share their opinions and I hope you don't either.
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So, to support awareness of the ethical issues of free software,
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the most basic thing to do is talk about free software.
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Do you think this will come about, you know, by discussing, for example,
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a beer that actually isn't software?
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The similar kind of issue arising here.
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A beer doesn't actually have source code either.
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A recipe is not like source code.
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You can't just compile it.
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There's no program that turns the recipe into food.
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What about if we speak about the general idea of taking things
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from, you know, ideas from the free software movement
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and from the open source movement even,
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and transferring those values onto something which is not software?
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I'm all in favor of it whenever they're applicable.
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Now, these ideas make sense in one context.
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They may make sense in another context,
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but that's not guaranteed.
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They're not applicable to everything in life.
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They're applicable to certain things.
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Specifically, they're applicable when there are works made of information.
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That are useful.
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So, where do you draw the line?
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Does an open source cookbook make more sense
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than an open source car?
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I'm not a supporter of the open source movement.
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That's a problem.
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But I was thinking, is there a way that we could use this word
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in a better way than speaking about an open source beer?
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Because a free software beer also sounds strange.
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Yes, they both are strange.
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Neither one really fits because the beer is not software
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and has no source.
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If you're going to strain things to refer to a movement,
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it might as well pick the movement you support.
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Because we've taken a bit from one and a bit from the other.
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Anyway.
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We tried to recount the whole story of what happened in the early 70s
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up to now to sort of explain what the idea of the beer was.
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And I find this quite complex.
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Is there any way that these kind of ideas could travel
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to the minds of people in an easier way?
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Well, I find that recipes make a good analogy
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for explaining the ideas of free software to people.
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Because people who cook commonly share recipes
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and commonly change recipes,
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and they take for granted that they're free to cook recipes
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when they wish.
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So imagine if the government took away those freedoms.
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If they said starting today, if you copy and share
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or if you change your recipe, we'll call you a pirate.
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Imagine how angry they would be.
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Well, that anger, that exact anger is what I felt
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when they stopped me from saying I couldn't change
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and share software anymore.
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And I said, no way.
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I refused to accept that.
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What do you think this had to happen within software
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and computers?
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Why haven't people demanded the same kind of freedoms before?
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Well, there weren't enough people using computers.
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And in the early days, software was free, usually.
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When you started out?
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Within the 70s that software became usually proprietary.
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And that change for the worse was complete by the early 80s.
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But I had had the experience of participating
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in a community of programmers where sharing software was normal.
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And when it disappeared and died,
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and I saw a morally ugly way of life as my probable future,
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I rejected that.
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When that happened, that was back in the beginning of the 80s.
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That was in 1983 that I formed the free software movement
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and launched a plan to develop a free software operating system
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so that we could use computers and have this freedom.
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Do you think that the way that things are now
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and the way that you have a GNU-slash Linux option
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or you can do many things with different kinds of open-source software
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that are brought to you?
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Oh, sorry.
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I don't want you to use the term open-source.
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I'm very sorry.
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But not what I stand for.
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You're putting me in a very bad position
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by talking with me about my work and using the term
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the name of a party that was formed to reject my views.
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This is something that's very difficult for somebody like me
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to actually, because I am not a computer program.
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I am not somebody who has lived this for 20 years.
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So for me, it is difficult, although I'm trying to...
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Think of...
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Of course, and free software is the name of two different political parties.
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I fully understand that.
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Different programs.
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If you invited a leader from the Green Party,
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which by the way I more or less support,
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and you started talking to him about his work in the conservative party,
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and you did that several times,
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he'd probably get mad at you.
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And I could imagine that this is something that happens often
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with the popular press and journalists.
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Yes, it does.
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And in fact, before I give an interview, I raise this issue
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and I make sure that they've agreed not to do this,
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because it would be...
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It would be pointless to do an interview
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if I'd be misreported as a supporter of open source.
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Well, you know, I actually did my homework.
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And this is something that I find must be as difficult for ordinary people.
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If you're not that difficult,
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you're talking about changing a habit.
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It takes a little bit of work and you make mistakes a few times,
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but don't exaggerate it.
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You can change a habit.
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When you started the free software movement and the GNU project,
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would you ever have imagined that this kind of ideas
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would turn into something outside of the computer world,
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something like a beer or something like that?
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No, I didn't think for a minute about that.
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When did that start happening?
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When did you start seeing those possibilities?
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About five years ago.
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Okay.
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Is that what you hope will happen in the future from now on?
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I hope so.
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But mainly what I'm hoping for and working for
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is that software should be free.
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And do you think a project like this will help?
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Yes.
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It'll help.
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It will bring the ideas home to people
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who wouldn't have thought about them otherwise.
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And that's useful.
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I hope this will get some repercussions
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and that we can use this.
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I'll happy hacking.
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And thanks very much for your time.
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Bye.
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Okay, bye-bye.
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Bye-bye.
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Bye-bye.
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