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Episode: 962
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Title: HPR0962: LiTS 004: paste
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Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr0962/hpr0962.mp3
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Transcribed: 2025-10-08 05:40:17
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---
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Welcome to Linux in the Shell, episode 4, the paste command.
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My name is Dan Washco, and I will be your host, and up front I want to thank Hacker Public
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Radio for supporting my efforts in the show, and I hope you enjoy it, but I also hope
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that you go over and visit the website and read the entry for episode 4 of the paste command,
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either before listening to this audio or soon afterwards to solidify the paste command
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in your mind.
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Paste command is a very simple command, and what it does is it takes one or more files
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and pastes the line, each of the lines of those files together, consecutively.
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So for instance, you can have two text files, let's say the first text file has A on
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one line, B on another line, C on a third line, and D on a fourth line, and then the second
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text file has numbers.
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One on one, the first line, two on the second line, three on the third line, a four on
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the fourth line.
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So if you were to specify paste, file one, file two, you would get the output would show
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A, tab one, the next line would be B, tab two, and then C, tab three, four, tab D. Well,
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D, tab four, sorry, it makes that up.
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So essentially what it does is it takes those two files and pastes each line of those files
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together consecutively.
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Now you can specify more than two files, you can paste as many files together as you want.
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So let's make it easier on my tongue and say file one has numbers, file two has letters,
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and file three has flowers, and we'll say daisy, tulip, violet, sunflower.
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So if we were to paste all three of those files together, you would get one tab, A, tab,
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daisy, two tab, B, tab, tulip, three tab, C, tab, violet, and four tab, D, tab, sunflower.
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Very simple.
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You can specify a delimiter instead of the tab which is a default by passing the option
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dash dash delimiters, and that's plural equals and then delimiter in double quotes.
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So for instance, if I were to do the same thing I just said, paste dash dash delimiters
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equal open double quote, comma, close double quote, and then file one, two, three, what
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I would get would be instead of tab separating them, commas.
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So I would get one comma, A, comma, tulip, two comma, B, comma, violet, and so on.
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Now understand that delimiters, if you specify just one, that's the one that's going to use.
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As you can specify a delimiter, a list of delimiters to go between each input or file.
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So for instance, in the case I just said, I could have passed as delimiters, comma, and
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then equal sign, really odd thing, but what would happen is I would get, when I pasted
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those together, paste dash dash delimiters equal open double quote, comma, equal sign, closed
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double quote, file one, two, and three, I would get one comma, A equals tulip, two comma,
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B equals, daisy, whatever the flower was, not can't remember what the flowers are, but
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you get the picture.
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It specifies it uses the delimiters that you specify in order.
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Now if it just so happens that you specified a third delimiter in this case, say a question
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mark, what happened then is it would just ignore that third delimiter and not use it.
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So you would just get the comma and the equal sign being used, and it would just ignore
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that third delimiter unless you add it on a fourth file.
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Now there's one other option that the paste command takes, and that's the dash s option,
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and that's to serialize what you wrote or what's being pasted together.
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So instead of the output being the file, line one, pasted with line two right next to
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it, it would kind of turn it on its head and represent that instead of it being vertical,
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it would be horizontal.
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So line one would be the entire file, but each line would be rep on a horizontal line,
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would be the horizontal line.
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So if I were to pass the dash s with the delimiters of comma delimiters to the paste using file
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one, two, and three, what I would get on line one is the numbers one, two, three, four,
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all separated by commas.
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And then on line two, I would get a comma b, comma c, comma d.
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And then on line three, I would get the flowers, daisy comma, tulip comma, violet comma,
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sunflower.
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So it would kind of an odd way of doing it, but that's what it does serialize it.
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Instead of representing it in columnar format, it represents it out in rows, horizontally.
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Each line is, you know, each line of that one file is on the same line.
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And then underneath it is the next line of there.
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So kind of flips it and reverses it on his head.
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The last thing I want to say about the paste command is that it's supposed to passing
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all files, you can pass standard in by representing it with a dash.
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So instead of a file name, if you have a dash in there as one of the places of a file,
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it's going to allow you to accept input from standard in now.
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That would be an example would be to echo or cat another file or something, something
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that has output in the format that you're looking for, it's going to produce lines.
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And pipe that into the paste command, or if you don't have something, a command or action
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piping something into the paste command is going to accept standard in from the keyboard.
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And you could do that yourself, you would type paste text file one, which is the numbers,
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and then dash, and it's going to present you with a prompt waiting for you to enter something.
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So then it would echo back out that line and doing it that way, you can see how it works,
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but it's really not too practical or useful.
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So that's basically the paste command, very simple command, paste files, or together
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line by line, you can specify a delimiter or a chain of delimiters, make sure they're
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in double quotes by default that you use this tab, or you can specify a bunch of files
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and standard in and place it one of those files.
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I thank you for listening, again, check out the website so you can get a read up on this
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and probably get a better picture of how the serial works, that's something more visual
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than representing it verbally.
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And also gives you the opportunity to check out the video that corresponds with this entry,
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so you can see it in action.
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My name is Dan Walshko, I thank you, see you in two weeks, and I really thank Hacker
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Public Radio.
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Have a great day.
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You have been listening to Hacker Public Radio at HackerPublicRadio.org.
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