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Episode: 1999
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Title: HPR1999: How I record a full band under Linux
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Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr1999/hpr1999.mp3
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Transcribed: 2025-10-18 13:04:30
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---
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This is HPR Episode 1999 entitled, How I Record a Full Band under Linux.
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It is hosted by first-time post-no place like Sashthom and is about 20 minutes long.
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The summary is, How are you harder, like audio, and a persona center face to record an entire
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band practice?
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This episode of HPR is brought to you by an honesthost.com.
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At 15% discount on all shared hosting with the offer code, HPR15, that's HPR15.
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Better web hosting that's honest and fair at An Honesthost.com.
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Hi, I'm Nathan.
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This is my first ever broadcast here on Hacker Public Radio.
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I found you guys a couple of weeks ago and I found something really special, I think.
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Something very open-source in nature.
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I've been a Linux user for maybe four, almost five years and almost exclusively non-windows.
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I want to talk to you guys about how I've been recording and mixing my entire band under
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Linux.
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We were using a Mac previously, but now we're running Arch.
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It's a little bit about myself.
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Like I said, I've been a Linux user for a long time.
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I like to make stuff as most hackers do, experienced with some Arduino, some more basic electronics.
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Just the good old hacker stuff, you know?
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Other than that, I'm a musician, so that's why you get this talk.
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I discovered Linux, good while back, when I was given a Pentium 4 machine with Windows
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XP and got bored of it, I needed to find something else to do, so that's what happened.
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Discovered Linux and haven't looked back.
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Today's show isn't really about me, it's about what I'm doing.
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So my band is a six-piece band and we have bass, keyboard, drums, guitar and one vocalist
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and one background vocalist, which is me.
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I came a little late into the picture, so they already had a Mac already set up with the
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recording environment, but it was also being used for the keyboard player to manage
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your sounds.
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So we ended up looking at using the recording system with my laptop.
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Only my laptop isn't a Windows laptop or a Mac laptop, so Linux laptop.
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So we had to find out how to best we can undertake this project.
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So what ended up happening was I ended up doing a couple of weeks worth of research on
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how I can do this and I will report my findings in this talk.
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First things first, we have to find a way to get the audio into the laptop.
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And really what we need for that is some type of an audio interface, basically an external
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sound card.
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Fortunately, we already had one in the form of a Presona Studio Live 16.4.2, which is
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a mixer and a audio interface.
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16 inputs, so we can have 16 microphones or whatever kind of audio we want.
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And it's FireWire.
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My laptop doesn't have FireWire, so I ended up going to Amazon and purchasing a compatible
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express card to be able to plug it in.
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And surprise, it worked on the first try.
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You have to install the FF Auto FireWire audio drivers, but that's just one command
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and you're done.
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As far as the gear we use the Presonus for pretty much everything, it is our recording
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interface, but also provides our monitor mixes, which our speakers pointed towards the musicians
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so that they can hear themselves in the other musicians as far as to be able to play together.
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We also run the keyboard through there because she does not have any kind of an amplifier
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or anything.
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As far as the drums go, they're really the trickiest instrument to mic up, just because
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they have so many elements.
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We have an ODEX branded microphone kit, which comes with seven microphones, two a pair
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of overhead microphones, which are stereo, and then one microphone for the bass drum,
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one for the snare drum, three for the Tom microphones, and all the required mounting
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hardware.
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As far as the vocals, we use Sennheiser E935s, which are dynamic handheld microphones,
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and just really good rugged microphones for the human voice.
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As far as bass and keyboard, they are plugged directly in.
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The bass player does have a amplifier in the room, but for recording purposes, we plug
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him directly into our interface.
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The guitar, until a couple of weeks ago, was not miced up, but plugged directly in.
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However, now we have a, sure, SM57 microphone to capture his sounds.
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And all this is going straight into my Linux rig.
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We have somewhat of an interesting situation, just because we're not really recording
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this to be released, we're recording it to judge the quality of our music and just
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have something to show our friends and to judge how far we're coming along in our practice.
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So we didn't want to do a typical recording studio environment.
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You would maybe start with the drums and build up all the other pieces one by one, so
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that you have isolation, and so that each player can have a perfect take.
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We wanted more of a live thing going on, so we chose to play all at the same time, which
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is why we need 16 inputs to capture everything.
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Our room is not that big, however.
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It's maybe 16 feet by 16 feet, maybe even smaller, but we have the drums sort of boxed
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off behind a plastic cage to keep the sound down, which is really a big problem with
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a full rock band in a small room.
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As far as the recording side goes into my, once it hits the mixer, it's straight into
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the laptop, all 16 channels of audio.
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And just sort of as a side note, my machine is a sort of an older Dell latitude for gig
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of RAM with NNI-5, and it's running Arch Linux kernel 4.4 64 bit.
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It's not the most amazing machine ever, but it can handle all this stuff from recording
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to mixing and editing.
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And when you're dealing with Linux, generally you see two different audio systems, pulse
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and ALSA, which is the advanced Linux sound architecture.
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But most of those are for simpler audio cases where you just want to plug in and listen
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to your YouTube or whatever your hacker public radio.
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And they're not really built to handle all these sounds coming in.
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So the system that you use is called Jack, Jack Connection Kit, and it's based around
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ALSA and uses ALSA, but it's professional grade routing.
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And the beauty about the open source environment is that it is a standard, and all the different
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applications can speak to each other through it as opposed to on the Mac or on the windows
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side of things.
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None of the applications can talk to each other because they're all pieces of proprietary
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software.
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So this is actually a really big advantage that one of the things I'm going to talk about
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later is virtual guitar sounds.
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And those can be fed directly back into your recording software or out to your headphones
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or to a set of speakers.
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And so yes, this is called Jack Audio, and it's available in pretty much every repo for
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any distro.
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It, however, is just a command line tool basically.
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And so you need to install a few other packages to really make it easy to deal with.
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QJack, C-T-L, and Pathage.
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The QJack, C-T-L, is for configuring your devices and you're setting up your sound card
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in your sample rate and all those kind of things, all the different settings.
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Pathage is for controlling your signal routing.
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It is a little interface that shows all your open applications that use Jack Audio.
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You can just drag connections between the two applications so that your, and then audio
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just, it just works.
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Amazing.
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As far as the software we use to record live, we are using Arter, which is pretty much the
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only piece of software available under Linux that does this.
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It is open source, and they recommend a donation, but it's in most distros repositories, and
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we're on version 4.7.
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We just arm the tracks and hit record, record our pieces, and then we mix them down later.
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We do all the mixing in Arter as well.
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It is a pretty simple environment, but it has all the big features that you would see
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in a Pro Tools or Appal-Logic or any of those big name dolls.
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It's really an amazing piece of free open source software, and it's really one of my favorite
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pieces of software on my whole Linux box.
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However, one of the things about it on a default installation, you don't have a whole lot
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of options for signal processing.
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By default, pretty much all you can do is change the volume levels of your tracks and pan
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them left or right.
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There is some automation of any control, which basically means you can change the volume
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level or really any setting during the course of the song.
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But other than that, it doesn't come with a whole lot of features.
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Most dolls come with plugins, they're called, to edit the sounds and make them sound different
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or better.
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These have to be installed separately, and I'm going to talk to you guys about a few
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of my favorite ones.
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The ones that get up the most use in my studio are the Calf Studio Gears plugins.
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They are a complete set free software plugin bundle, and they're based on the LV2 API,
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which means that they have a nice, pretty user interface, and they just work.
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They're in the arch repositories, and there may be 35 different plugins ranging from compressors,
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equalizers, reverbs, and I'll talk a little bit more about what all those things do in
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a little bit.
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The Calf Studio Gear is my favorite, but there's also the Envada plugins, RDFX, and those
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get a lot of use in my studio too.
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As far as the actual processing I do, my two most important tools are a compressor and
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an equalizer.
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A compressor basically limits the volume, so you set a ratio, and for every, you pick
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a ratio like 2 to 1 or 3 to 1, and for every 3 decibels a sound gets above a given threshold,
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it is only increased by one decibel, for example, in a 3 to 1 compression ratio, so you
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can actually push the level of the sound harder and reduce the dynamics of it, so that you
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can actually get a louder sound out of a sound source or more predictability, and I use
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that on just about everything, as well as an equalizer, which lets you adjust the frequencies
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of various, of any audio, it lets you cut out the bass or reduce the treble or whatever
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sounds the best to your ears.
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Another piece of software that I would really recommend to anybody who plays around with
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the guitar is GuitarX.
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Also another piece of open source software, it is a virtual guitar amplifier with speaker
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emulation, tube emulation, various plugins to allow you to sculpt your guitar tone, and
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this is what I was using until we purchased a microphone for the guitar amplifier.
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It's really fun to play with, even though I don't play with guitar.
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I am pretty much just a singer, but it's still fun to play with and easy to get a cool
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tone.
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The last thing I do when I dispense my recordings out to the rest of the band members is to
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edit and encode.
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Just until now, in the process, I've been recording in 24 bit wave files, which are huge.
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After a whole session, I might have 12 or 15 gigs of audio, so I chop that down to a high
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quality MP3 using Audacity, which I'm sure most of you podcasters are familiar with.
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I also use Audacity to cut out anything that is not part of the song that made it into
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the recording, such as talking before starting the song or anything that made it into the
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recording that just needs to be cut out.
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And then I send out the MP3s over email, and it's been a really fun process.
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I've actually learned a lot about both about Linux and Linux audio, as well as music.
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So I think it's a good thing for a musician to learn how to record themselves versus paying
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a whole lot of money to go to a professional studio.
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That's pretty much all I have to say on the topic, but it's just a really good hobby
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to begin, unless you don't want to spend a lot of money.
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But my studio, however, is a little more humble, because we've been practicing in the bass
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guitar players in his garage, which is actually built into a full studio.
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I only have a two channel interface and a couple of different microphones, a USB microphone,
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which is probably what I'll end up doing most of the podcasting under.
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However, today I am in a different recording space.
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I am at the university, and I am currently speaking to you through a road NT1 microphone
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plugged into, unfortunately, a Mac.
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I was prepared to use my own microphones and just use this nice soundproof room, but
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I realized that my battery was dead once I got to school.
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So I'm stuck here on the Mac.
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I really enjoy what you guys are doing over at HPR, Acro Public Radio, and I really hope
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that I can contribute a bunch of shows, and I've really wanted to get into podcasting,
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and I just discovered you guys one day, and it seemed like a perfect fit.
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I really enjoyed listening to the past couple of weeks' catalog of shows, and they are
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amazing that you can take a group of people from anywhere in the world, and just say, make
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a show, and most of them are amazing.
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Some of them don't have the best audio quality or the best speaking.
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Like mine, I'm working on it, but I'm not the best podcaster yet, and I just think it's
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a really cool idea, and I really appreciate the people who founded this.
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I think that's all I have to say on the topic, goodbye.
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You've been listening to HECK Public Radio at HECK Public Radio dot org.
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We are a community podcast network that releases shows every weekday Monday through Friday.
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Today's show, like all our shows, was contributed by an HPR listener like yourself.
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If you ever thought of recording a podcast, then click on our contributing to find out
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how easy it really is.
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HECK Public Radio was founded by the digital dog pound and the Infonomicon Computer Club,
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and is part of the binary revolution at binwreff.com.
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If you have comments on today's show, please email the host directly, leave a comment on
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the website, or record a follow-up episode yourself.
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Unless otherwise stated, today's show is released on the creative commons, attribution,
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share a like, free dot org license.
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