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Episode: 2961
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Title: HPR2961: Kubernetics / Cloud - Terminology
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Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr2961/hpr2961.mp3
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Transcribed: 2025-10-24 13:55:50
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---
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This is HPR episode 2961 from Monday the 9th of December 2019.
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Today's show is entitled Cubernetics Cloud Terminology.
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It's hosted by Daniel Pearson's and is about 11 minutes long
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and carries a clean flag.
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The summary is, we talk about terms often used when using Kubernetes.
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This episode of HPR is brought to you by an honesthost.com.
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Get 15% discount on all shared hosting with the offer code HPR15.
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That's HPR15.
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Hello hackers and welcome to another podcast.
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Today I'm going to talk a little bit about cloud environments like Cubernetics and some
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of the words or the terminology that is required to know in order to get into Cubernetics.
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Because Cubernetics has a lot of different words and different terms that are a little
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bit strange and that you might not run into if you haven't been in these kinds of environments.
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So let's start with the word node.
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And node is something that will run your jobs.
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So for instance, it could be a physical server, it could be a virtual server, it could
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be something that can actually put some load on where you have some CPU, some memory
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and so on.
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So you can run something on it.
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So that's a node.
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And nodes are constructed into clusters.
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You have a lot of nodes that you group into clusters and these clusters can run jobs
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for you.
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So for instance, if you want, you can say that I want to run this amount of work with
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a lot of different Docker containers, for instance, on this cluster.
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And then it's up to Cubernetics to figure out which node to select in order to run these
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jobs.
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So you can put a few jobs on one node and a few jobs on another node.
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A container is a Docker container, for instance, that's something where you create a unit
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that you can actually run on a node and that can do the job for you.
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So this container can, for instance, have a Linux environment or a very stripped down
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Linux environment where you put, for instance, a web server or you can put the MySQL server.
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You can have some very simple logic node that will just take some input and create some
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output.
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You can do whatever you want with a container.
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The important part is that it actually is one unit that you can deploy somewhere and
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it's built in such a way that it's simple for it to actually run on a node.
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Next up, we have a port and a port is either one container or multiple containers.
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And this is the unit of work that you can scale up and down.
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So for instance, if you have one port, you put that on a node and you say that, okay,
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this is my amount of work.
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And now I need to actually restart this service that I put up or this thing that I want
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to run.
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So then I restart that port and that will restart and it will go up again and we will do
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the work for you.
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And the important part with containers and pods is that they should be self-contained
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and they should often not contain any data.
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So you put the data outside of the pod or you have a specific pod that handles the data
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like a database server if you want to run that kind of work in your environment.
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But usually you have the data separated from the pod so you can restart it and end up
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in a state that are similar to where you were before you restarted it.
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So it should just be a compute unit.
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And in order to solve this, you have volumes.
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So you connect the different volumes to one pod that will actually be disk space or some
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external resource where you can keep state for this pod.
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So a pod should just be a compute unit and you should have the state outside of the pod.
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And next up we can have a concept called replica set.
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There is a few different ways to actually scale pods but one of them that is very common
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is replica set.
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And in a replica set you can say I want a minimal of 3 pods but a maximum of 6 pods
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and depending on the load on the actual work, cubinetics will scale this up so you can
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either have 3 pods or 6 pods or somewhere in between.
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The next thing I want to talk about is services.
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And services is something that runs in your clusters and helps you with network or
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other tasks that are not specific to any pod but can help different pods in order to get
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the network solved.
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Some of these examples could be for instance load balances which could load balance between
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a lot of different pods or could even load balance between for instance two replica
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sets where you have some A, B testing going on.
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And then you can have for instance one service that is common is a search manager that could
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actually be set up so you can have lets encrypt, running in your cloud environment and giving
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each of the pods signs certificates for a specific domain and they should be valid SSL
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certificates and this certificate manager would update and see that you actually have a
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valid certificate for each of these work units.
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Another thing that is very important is to have an ingress service and this ingress service
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would handle the communication with the outside world.
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So for instance if you set up a few pods in your docker or your cubanetics environments
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no one can actually talk with those pods so you can have traffic with inside of cubanetics
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and nobody can read that traffic.
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But if you want to get out of the cubanetics cloud you set up an ingress that you tell
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on this port you want to talk to this replica set or these pods with this name and send
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the traffic to this port on these pods.
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So the ingress will handle the actual communication between the outside world and your pods.
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And to take everything that we have talked with so far into one unit you can actually
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deploy it you have a deployment and in this deployment configuration you can say I want
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these kinds of services, I want these pods, I want these kind of replica sets and these
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kinds of ingress rules and when you have set all of that up you can actually send
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one deployment to your cubanetics cloud and it will bring that deployment up as one unit
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and you can take that unit and stop it as well if you don't need that service anymore.
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So deployment could be let's say 100 pods of different kinds you can have web servers
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my skills servers worker units everything in one deployment and send that to your cubanetics
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cloud so it's some kind of grouping of all of these things in one.
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And the last thing I want to talk about is configuration maps and configuration maps
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could be set up to your deployments so you can actually do some configuration steps on
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the fly in your cubanetics cloud so you can put in some configuration values that you
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want to change during the run of this cubanetics cloud so you can actually change something that
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is already running without deploying it again.
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So this was what I wanted to talk about today if you want to follow more of what I'm doing
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I have a YouTube channel just search for my name and you will find that if you have any questions
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about cubanetics and so on please comment and I will read those and perhaps create another
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episode with that I hope that you learned something today I hope that you liked this episode
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and I hope to see you in the next one you've been listening to hecka public radio at hecka
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public radio dot org we are a community podcast network that releases shows every weekday
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