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Episode: 3186
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Title: HPR3186: A light bulb moment, part 2
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Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr3186/hpr3186.mp3
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Transcribed: 2025-10-24 18:27:40
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---
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This is Hacker Public Radio Episode 3186 for Monday the 19th of October 2020. Today's show is entitled
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a light bulb moment. Part 2
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It is the 60th show of Mr. X
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and is about 8 minutes long
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and carries a clean flag. The summary is
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the history of lighting.
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This episode of HPR is brought to you by an honesthost.com.
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Get 15% discount on all shared hosting
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with the offer code HPR15. That's HPR15.
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Better web hosting that's honest and fair at an honesthost.com.
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Music
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Hello and welcome Hacker Public Radio audience.
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My name is Mr. X and welcome to this podcast.
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As per usual I'd like to start by thanking the people at HPR
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for making the service available to us all. It really is an invaluable service on these here intertubes.
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HPR is a community led podcast provided by the community for the community.
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That means you can contribute to why don't you pick up a microphone
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and send something and it's really easy.
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We'll get something that we can record on. Something as simple as a mobile phone
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who's not got a smartphone these days, me.
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But I'm sure most of you will have one.
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Come on, pick up a microphone. You know you can.
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If you all did, we'd have enough shows.
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Anyway, this is a second part of my light bulb moment
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podcast inspired by an email from Dave Morris.
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I thought in this second part I'd really have a brief history of lighting
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because it's quite surprising and quite fascinating really.
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At least I think so. But then again maybe I'm just a bit sad.
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Natural light first came from fire.
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Then using oil and fat with a work.
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Early candles used animal fat.
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This smelled awful and tended to spit.
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In some parts of the world they used whole animals as candles.
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These early candles gave so little light
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that people generally just went to bed at sunset.
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Electric lighting started first by Humphrey Davy
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in the early 1800s using an arc.
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This was developed into commercial lighting in the 1840s.
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Arc lighting needed a complex mechanism
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to gradually push the context together as it burned away.
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These arc lights, you probably saw these in films and black and white films.
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Maybe shining lights on to planes up in the sky during World War II or something like that.
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Or maybe in a Godzilla film, shining the Godzilla or something like that.
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It's a big cylindrical, huge lamp.
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Very elaborate, very expensive.
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It used an arc processed like well arc welding.
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The context basically burned away as the thing was in operation.
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Making it very complex to keep the thing going.
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Gas lighting started around the 1850s.
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This was improved in the 1870s with the advent of the gas mantle.
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My only memory of gas mantles was when we went to Caravanning
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and you had the gas canister outside and you had to light it with a match.
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Thomas Edison developed electric light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament.
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It took a great deal of effort to convince people to use it
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because gas lighting was so well established and worked so well.
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Many households in Britain didn't install electric lighting until 1930s.
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Eventually, electricity won as it could be used for so many other things around the home.
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The tungsten filament bulb has a filament made of tungsten.
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It's a name to suggest and it's made up of a coil of coil as a coil within a coil.
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This is done because the more compactly a filament can be wound,
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the less heat is lost to the surroundings and the brighter the bulb will glow.
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The next progression was tungsten halogen bulb.
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These bulbs are more efficient and give out twice as much light as ordinary bulbs and use the last twice as long.
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A major disadvantage with all filament lights is that they waste a lot of energy producing heat.
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An ordinary light bulb only gives out about 10% of its energy as light.
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The rest is wasted as heat.
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Fluorescent neon lights were invented in 1905 by a Frenchman called George Claude.
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They were used for advertising mainly in America.
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These are traditional flickering flashing lights you saw on chalk windows and such like.
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I don't know when that would be.
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We're put to devastating use in America all around America really.
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The first fluorescent light was introduced in 1939.
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It uses the same principle as a neon light but incorporates a filament at both ends.
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It is filled with argon and mercury vapor.
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It mainly gives off ultraviolet light.
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The tube is coated on the inside with its chemicals to convert the output to mostly visible light using a property called fluorescence, hence the name.
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Fluorescent tubes are 4 times as efficient as normal incandescent light bulbs and they run cool.
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The early energy efficient light bulbs were just fluorescent lights folded into a compact bulb shape.
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Sodium lights used mainly in street lighting are twice as efficient again as fluorescent bulbs and they give off a rather horrible orange colour.
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I can remember seeing these all over the place when I grew up.
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There's probably still some of them flickering away in street lamps in the area but there's more efficient lighting now so a lot of these have been replaced.
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The first commercial high pressure sodium lamps were available in 1965 from companies in the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.
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At introduction, a 400 watt lamp would produce around 100 lumens per watt.
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Our references from Wikipedia which I'll obviously include in the show notes.
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The next big development was LED lighting which I'll cover in the next episode so stay tuned.
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Okay that's about it for this episode.
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I hope you found it interesting and if you want to contact me you can contact me at www.missarex.html.com.
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That's MRX, AT, HPR, the art symbol, googlemail.com.
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So till next time, thank you and goodbye.
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You've been listening to HEPA Public Radio at HEPA Public Radio.org.
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We are a community podcast network that releases shows every weekday, Monday through Friday.
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Today's show, like all our shows, was contributed by an HPR listener like yourself.
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If you ever thought of recording a podcast, then click on our contributing to find out how easy it really is.
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HEPA Public Radio was founded by the Digital Dove Pound and the Infonomicom Computer Club and is part of the binary revolution at Binrev.com.
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If you have comments on today's show, please email the host directly, leave a comment on the website or record a follow-up episode yourself.
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Unless otherwise stated, today's show is released under Creative Commons, Attribution, Share a Life, 3.0 license.
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