hpr-knowledge-base/hpr_transcripts/hpr0102.txt

Episode: 102
Title: HPR0102: Linux Professional Institute Certifications Part 4
Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr0102/hpr0102.mp3
Transcribed: 2025-10-07 11:31:39

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Hello everybody and welcome to another episode of Hacker Public Radio.
My name is Ken Fallon and we're going to continue on with the series on LPI learning certification.
Just give you an overview of what we're going to be talking about today.
The topic for today is Scuzzy, S-C-S-I.
And we're going to be skipping over two sections,
the modem section and the sound section for two different reasons.
The first is because I don't like talking about modems, I hate them.
And luckily, a person from Germany has answered the call and will be stepping in to do the episode on modems.
If there's anyone else that can do something on Linux sound systems,
with particular reference to, well, it doesn't necessarily need to be anything to do with the LPI certification.
But basically the documents that I have refer to utility-called S&D config,
which I can't find on any system that I have roaming.
So if there's anybody out there who knows a lot about Linux sound in general,
also with specific reference to what might come up in the exam, that would be great.
But I would be very interested in hearing LPR's topic about that
or a whole series of topics about the sound subsystems on Linux.
And that said, if there's people out there who have LPI certifications,
I'd really like to hear from you.
It was something as simple as sending in a recording,
or, you know, with comments on a section that I've done,
or with an ideally great take a section and roam with it,
because I recently got my employer to pay for LPI book.
It's the O'Reilly one in a nutshell.
It's a desktop quick reference guide.
And the lads and work were laughing that a nutshell book would run to
559 pages.
And for our reference, what I'm going to be covering today is page 17,
and that's not including a lot of pages about on the introduction.
So at this rate, we'll be finished in the year 3000.
So I really do need people's help with this.
And the good thing about it is if you just know one particular topic,
you can do a quick episode.
I'm following a particular line of what we're going to be covering.
So we're doing hardware and architecture now,
shortly we'll be going on to Linux installation and package management,
designing hard disk layout, installing boot manager,
which I'm not going to do, because I'm going to borrow dance
on the whole series on that.
So possibly if you just wanted to give a quick summary of all the stuff
that Dan is covering on what of that is relevant to the LPI certification,
please do that.
Moving on again, we have the Macon installed programs from source,
managing shared libraries using Debian package management,
using Red Hat package management.
So if you would like to volunteer for any of these topics,
please do so.
I love people to come on board.
If you go to wikibooks.org and look for the LPI certification book,
the table of contents just describes all the topics that's going to be coming up.
What I like to do is just put a list beside those,
and people can jump in with any of the topics.
And you know, if there's like dance,
grow, and lie low thing with the boot managers,
if that's already been done,
then just five minutes and ups of what's important about that
will kind of get us going.
Okay, where are we now?
Yes, I'm also interested.
If you're not interested in actually recording a technical piece,
I am interested in hearing feedback about what the exams are like,
what you should be reading, what study you should be doing,
what books you would recommend,
fire off those in an email to me,
that would be great, ideally a sound recording.
Then I don't have to do anything except slap it on to the end of a regular program.
Okay, now let's get started.
I'm going to be taking a lot of the information for this topic
from Scott Muller's Upgrading on Repairing Servers,
also from the LPI Linux certification
and a nutshell quick reference book from O'Reilly.
And of course the IBM documentation.
Scuse stands for its pronounced Scuse ZZY,
and it stands for small computer system interface.
It's a general purpose interface used for connecting devices to PCs.
It was originally developed or kind of started its life
with this structured associated system interface.
And it's a flexible system.
It's not just for disks, hard disks,
it's used for tape devices and ready to raise and that sort of thing.
So you see quite a lot in servers,
not so much in desktop as well.
You've seen quite a lot through Scuse emulation on CD-ROMs.
And you're also seeing it in serial ATA drives,
also appears Scuse devices.
So, okay, a Scuse is a boss,
and it can support seven or 15 devices in total.
Multi-channel adapters exist and can support seven or 15 devices per channel.
So if you have a big server, you might have,
I don't know, loads of these channels in there,
each supporting 15 devices are seven or 15.
And a Scuse host adapter can be installed on a PCI or PCI express card,
or it might be built into the motherboard,
typically what you see in some services,
that there's a few built-in on the motherboard,
and then you can buy additional cards.
And the host adapter functions as a gateway between Scuse boss and the PC system boss,
and each device on the boss has a Scuse controller chip built-in.
That means your tape devices and your hard disks and everything else
all have a Scuse controller on them.
And the Scuse host adapter doesn't talk with the hard disk,
it actually talks with the Scuse interface controller built into the device,
and that's more or less the same way that we saw with ATA drives earlier on in the series.
That's more or less it for the history of it,
and we're going to talk about the different types of Scuse devices.
Now Riley has the most Scuse 1, Scuse 2,
white Scuse, fast Scuse, fast white Scuse, ultra Scuse, ultra white,
sorry, ultra SCSI, ultra wide, ultra 2, wide ultra 2.
We will move on to Scuse IDs.
The IDs are, I've mentioned already, seven, and you can have seven or 15.
And where those numbers come from is the number of dress lines that they can be.
So only a bit boss, which would be fast, it has three dress lines,
which works at two to the power of three, which is eight devices,
or for a 16-bit there are four dress lines, which is two to the power four,
which means there are 16 devices.
Now one of them will always be the controller.
So you subtract one from that, so you have seven and 15 possible devices per channel.
And just read something from the refer to the IBM documentation here.
Every device, including the controller, has a number, or what's called an ID.
For eight bits, because the ID range from zero to seven,
white Scuse adds numbers eight to fifteen.
Now our devices may only use the ID numbers of zero to seven,
while white devices may use the numbers zero to fifteen.
Traditionally the controller is assigned the ID of seven.
Usually you will set this either with a jumper,
or it might actually be done in software.
Because the devices, they have a priority, so the priority runs from zero,
lost to seven, the highest.
So controller has the highest priority of seven.
The extra IDs have higher priority, so eight is the lowest and fifteen is the highest.
The overall priority sequence is eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen,
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven.
You address devices on a Scuse boss using three different things.
So you have the channel, which is like a particular controller.
So if you have two controllers in there, you might have a channel zero channel one.
And then along that you have the Scuse ID,
which you just talked about, which goes from zero to seven,
or zero to fifteen, depending on whether you're using faster,
why just sixteen to two bit.
And then at the end of that you have a thing called a long.
Now a long is a logical unit number.
And there you see those for controllers that have accessed multiple logical devices
using a single Scuse address.
So one of those Scuse devices might be a Ray controller
and have four physical hard disks connected onto that.
And the first one of those would be zero.
And the next one would be one, two, three.
The long idea is to be able to address additional devices connected on that.
A few other things that are as you need to know about Scuse is the cable length.
It's depending on the specification might be 25 meters depending on termination or twelve meter.
It operates like a channel.
So at the end of each cable it has to be terminated.
So it's terminated usually on the controller.
You don't necessarily need to worry about that.
But you need to keep it in mind.
And at the end all the devices come off it.
But on the end you need to make sure it's terminated.
And the termination might be you press a button on the tape drive.
If that's the last device on there, there might be a termination button on and off.
Or it can also be a physical cable, physical device that you plug in to Scuse cable itself.
And that will offer the termination.
In the O'Reilly book there's a warning about mixing 8 bits and 16 bit terminations.
Because you might put an 8 bit on a 16 bit cable and terminate the first 8 devices while the other ones are left on terminated.
And they don't respond and you don't know.
The next thing we will move on to is on a Linux system.
How they are dressed.
And they are usually where we've had slash dev HDA before HDB, HDC.
With Scuse, it don't have the idea of a A and B controller.
So it's just a B C D E F G H. Right down along.
So here I have a server with several disks S D A, S D B, S D C.
And that's all very well and all very nice.
One of the things is tape drives will have a device ID of slash dev, slash S T.
And a Ray controller device might have a S D C.
Now Ray controllers I've known from being a Mark UM.
They might just present the disk as a S D B C or something.
They might also present it as something else.
So what I'm going to do here on server on Mark is I'm going to do D.
M E S G to get boot up kernel messages.
I'm going to grab that with the minus I and look for PCSI.
And here we have some devices D D V slash C C IS S,
which is actually a compact Ray controller.
And then it goes into slash C D D 0 P 2 Yats.
Depending on the server itself or their Ray controller card
and the drivers that come with it.
So that's my friends is pretty much it.
I'm going to give you on the exam from the O'Reilly book
you should be familiar with Scuzzy ID's termination
and the Linux Scuzzy device naming for the 102 exam.
So thank you very much for listening. That was it.
Just to round up again what we were talking about was your ID's,
bus speeds, what a loan is, how they are dressed in Linux
and that you need to terminate them.
If there's anybody else who wants to give me an episode
on the sound recording, that would be great.
If you are interested in doing an episode on hack-up of the radio,
please do so.
It's really cool and interesting to hear people from all over the world
to throw in different topics.
I never cease to be entertained by it.
Thank you for listening to hack-up of the radio.
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Thanks for watching.
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