hpr-knowledge-base/hpr_transcripts/hpr1430.txt

Episode: 1430
Title: HPR1430: thebestofyoutube.com download script
Source: https://hub.hackerpublicradio.org/ccdn.php?filename=/eps/hpr1430/hpr1430.mp3
Transcribed: 2025-10-18 02:13:07

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And that's something I'm calling right now.
Hi everybody, my name is Tempa, and we're listening to another episode of Hector Public Radio.
In today's episode, we are going to be talking about what I hope will be a series, usual
bash scripts, or indeed not useful bash scripts, or just bash scripts that you put together,
to make your life a little bit easier. We've had a few of these on before, so maybe this is
something that people can take and run with. Anyway, why did I write this bash script in the
first place? Well, I like to keep abreast of what's going on on YouTube in the way of videos and
internet memes and that sort of thing, and to do that, I've traditionally used the site bestofyoutube.com,
which is a curated list of YouTube videos that are popular, and basically every day, you know,
few videos might go up, probably about 20 a week, something like that, videos are linked in.
They're not in more than, you know, five on a page with a word or with a embedded iFrame link
to YouTube, and yeah, I find it's a good place to get videos, be warned if you're going to
that website, it's kind of addictive, so they've kind of got quite a lot of videos there. But
anyways, I normally watch those videos, there's only a few, so I tend to just view them in my browser
more or less. But recently, I'm confined to bed quite a lot and holding the laptop isn't conducive
to resting, so I wanted to put these videos onto a laptop. But actually, I wanted to put them
on the central NAS so I could watch them on TV if I was lying downstairs or put them on the tablet
if I was upstairs in bed. So I knew I had a quick look at view source of that page and I found out
that there's actually not that much to the page per se, it's just, it's got a whole go of links,
and if you search there, you'll find frame that there's a link to a each section, each video
five per page has an iFrame with height and source and the frame, border, yeah, yeah, yeah,
linking to YouTube. And then as we all know, the YouTube, if you click on YouTube link,
then you will get to YouTube and it will be something like, oops, posing, the video started there.
You will get URL like www.youtube.com for such watch, question mark, v for video equals,
and then a 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 character, what appears to be ASCII, A to Z,
uppercase, lowercase with dashes and underscores. So my script is supposed to go to those,
the best of YouTube, download the videos, and find out what the videos are and then download them
directly from YouTube, seems simple enough. Okay, but there's a few gotchas, there are only five
videos on the per webpage and I wanted to get the last 10 pages. So okay, now we're talking about
a loop that's going to loop between, that's going to have to go to each of the pages. The good news
is the best of YouTube has a very predictable page style, so it's the best of YouTube, index.php,
question mark, page equals, and then 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, going up. So new videos are always added
as video 1 on the page 1, so that was pretty cool. So I was able to put a thinking of doing a loop
then, all I needed to do is find the YouTube embed, remove that part, and then I would know what
the video ID was, basically I'm trying to find the video IDs, make a list of those, and then use
what is a brilliant piece of software called YouTube-DL, which is the YouTube Downloader,
and that is, let me see who makes this, there's no help page, there's no information about it on
the help page, but actually, if I go, why, oh, you, you, you, you, you, you, you, be, dash, dash,
version, might show me the name, yeah, it just shows me what the version number is,
2013, 11, 29, anyway, if you install YouTube-DL, I think it's available in most repos,
you can actually upload it updated with the dash, you, it's got a self uploading capability
with it, it gives you loads of options, you can do plenty of lists, it's not just limited to YouTube,
you can get videos from Ted and Canon Academy, and that sort of thing as well, so it's a pretty
cool Downloader, so therefore I didn't need to rewrite all this, so initially my first attempt
of this was just a basic script that looped through the best of YouTube pages, and then as I found
each of them a Downloader, but I wanted to get a little bit better than that, so I wanted to be
able to separate it out, that's when I ran it, I created a new directory, this particular
year, I'm now a server-created new directory, and then each of the videos would be put in there,
starting with 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and then 0, 0, 0, 1, the oldest one having the newest,
having the oldest number, so 0, 0, 0, 0 would be the oldest one, one would be the second from
oldest, and so forth all the way down along, then I wanted it to download with various different
things, so let's just keep running through the script here, first five lines are just basically
commons, commons, what it is, what it does, and it's been released under create commons 0, because
I just really don't do not that worried about it, I added a few variables here at the top just so
that we can do some cool stuff, max to download is equal to 10, so if you wanted to download all of
them you'd change that to a thousand or something, and if it would, that's the number of pages
on the best of YouTube to download them all, if you go to the best of YouTube you'll find out,
you know, it goes from one page one, dash dash next, and that'll give you the final number whatever
that is there, so you can put that in there to run us the first time, and then the save path,
which I have mount media videos, tv, youtube, best youtube, so I've got loads of space and then as,
and this will take loads of space, because I'm downloading the highest quality video,
and then I'm going to have a saveger, so saveger is going to make is the first part of that is
the variable save path, so save path equals quote slash mount blah blah blah double quote,
and now I'm going to reuse that save path again for the saveger for this one, so the saveger
for this run is going to be saveger equals quote, dollar sign, open curly brackets save path
close curly brackets, forward slash dollar sign, open bracket, the back slash date, space, dash U,
space, the plus sign, the percent capital Y sign, dash, percent lowercase m, dash, percent lowercase
D, the underscore percent uppercase H, dash, percent uppercase m, dash, percent uppercase S,
uppercase Z, or Z, underscore, percent A, close brackets double quote,
now what that does there is, is concatenates three different things together,
the save path which we had before, so they reason up what the dollar brackets instead of just dollar
save paths, the dollar curly brackets instead of the dollar save path is because when you're
concatenating a string, it tells bash that it separates more cleanly out the variables, so it's
not assuming that they following characters after that are part of the variable, so it's kind of
good practice to do that anyway, so I tend to do that a lot, then I have the forward slash, so I've
got my best YouTube path forward slash, and then I'm going to run a command, and the output of
that command will be the directory, and what I'm using is the date command, and the back slash
in front of the date, on alias is the date, so I have an alias for the date set up actually
to convert it to ISO 8604, 8601, and which is your month day on that hour's minute seconds,
blah blah blah, but just to make sure that it's not alias by anybody else, you've run that command,
and the dash you specify in the date command, these are all parameters of the date command, so anything
run in between the bracket, the dollar open bracket and close bracket is run as a separate command
outside of this bash thing, so you're kind of, it's a bit like the back ticks, but the beauty of
this format is you can nest them, so you're going to have a dollar open bracket date, dollar,
open bracket, but some other command close bracket, so it would first run the nested one inside,
and then pass that to date, and then pass that out, and pass it, and so forth, don't know if I'm
following you anyway, they obviously the links to this, this will be included in the show notes
for this episode, so basically all I'm doing is formatting the date with the year month day on
score hours, minute seconds, in Zulu time, just the Z is to denote to myself that it's UTC,
so we don't have any of this silly time-changing nonsense, and the percent A is just gives the day,
so I'm going to choose to enter it there is a Friday, and notice today when using my daughter's laptop
that despite my locale being set to English, it picked up her locale from somewhere, so I'm going
to need to investigate that, and it was manda. So in Dutch, the Dutch actual name, but that doesn't
actually matter for my purposes, as it is just a signal for me. Okay, that's line 8,
this is going to be the speed of which we get through, this is going to be a long show,
anyway, it might be time for a cup of coffee soon. The next line line number nine is to make it
directly, and I use the dash P option, and then I just put in saved here, so that is the variable
I just created two few moments ago, it will make that directly, including the entire part
that it doesn't exist, and then I make another variable called log file equals, and again, dollar
save path forward slash, and I'm calling it download.log, so this is where I'm going to keep my history,
I don't want to be re-downloading movies over and over again, or you have videos over and over again,
so this is where I'm going to keep my history, and then I do a check, and line 11 to 15, to make sure
that that log file exists, and if it doesn't, it creates it, so there's actually no real pointing
in having that, because later on, I'm just going to overwrite that, anyway, so I'm going to
take that entire block out, as we speak, live editing, and there is gone, so we now have the path
to the log file, so now we need to gather the list from YouTube deal, and to do that, I'm using
my favorite command, sequence sq space 1, the number 1 space dollar max to download, and that is,
that is there where I'm now going to say I want to my script to loop through, it basically generates
the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, so that is the 10 pages that I'm going to
to use, or try and download, now many of you will say, but can bash already includes an option to
put in the sequences from what to what, but I think it's clear to you sequence, and to be honest,
I like the ability that sequence has to use a dash w, to create a list of numbers, so from 1 to 100,
if you use sequence dash w, 1 to 100, it will put in 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 2, and then up to 15 will be 0,
1, 5, etc, up to 99, and then 100, so that you get nice spacing. One thing that I wish
sequence would do, and it doesn't, is do the reverse, so go, if you put in sequence 99 space 1,
that it would go 99 and count down, and I also think it's missing the ability to do
A to Z, upper case lower case that would kind of cool, but for the purposes of what we want to do
today, it's fine. So sequence 1 to max downloads, which is 10, in this case I'm going to pipe that,
that's the vertical up and down symbol, in or around the, above the entry key, shift entry,
above the entry key on us layer keyboards, and then I'm doing a big while loop, while read
video page now, what that's doing is, while it's going to read in, whatever reads in from whatever,
in this case, whatever's coming in from the pipe from its point of view, the other side of the pipe,
we have sequence pumping in one, the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and then it's going to read
those, and then it's going to put each of them in turn into a variable called video page,
and then we have a new line, and we have the word do, this is required, the structure of the
while loop in batches, while read something, some variable name do, then the loop, and then to tell
batches that it's finished, you type done. So now we're in the meeting partages, excuse me,
and here we're going to use another massive big command execution thing, I don't know the correct
term for that, somebody can correct me, there will be super verb, I'm going to run a nested command,
and the output of which I'm going to put into the variable this video list, so the whole command
is this video list is equal to dollar sign open brackets, clause brackets, and the bit inside
of that is I'm using wget dash dash quiet, and then the URL, which it happens to be HTTP
on bestofyoutube.com for such index.phpquest remark, page equals the dollar sign,
open curly brackets, video page, dollar sign, and quotes, so that's URL, so in the first instance
that's going to be page equals one, and the second instance page is going to be equal to two,
third, page equals three, and so forth. Then after the URL we have dash capital O, which says
the output and space dash, so that's the wget's part of this, you know, this absolute
mod program, whatever, let's script a script, that's what I'm a little worried about for you,
so that's the wget's parts done, what I'm doing is just get me that web page, and don't say if
it just pipe it out to standard in and standard output. Now, when your reading files are doing
anything, so if you're doing a cache file or less a file or whatever, you can put it in a file
name, but the general convention for standard in and standard out in for most command line
programs is the dash, just a dash symbol, so keep your eye out for that and mentally substitute it,
and then we put immediately after that we put a pipe symbol, so we're piping it from wget into
the next command, and the next command of course is grip our favorite, and we look for the exact
string www.youtube.com forward slash embed forward slash. Now, I know what you are all going to say
that this is a web page, it is possible that that web page would have a w new line, actually no
account account, it has to be ww, it has to be in the line straight across, it can't be
separated, even the new line would be considered a space and that would create a valid URL, so
grepping is absolutely fine in this case, so what grep will do is it'll take all that
junk stripping out all the garbage and it'll give you a big line with youtube embed, one thing
that it could do is there's no reason that there is new lines at all in that, so a web page could
be simply one big long line, and grepping it this way will only take the grepping it this way will
return that one big long line, so that is essentially a flow in this script, but again it's quick and
dirty, because they happen to put it on different lines, but I could, I could work around that, but I'm
not gonna bother, haha, anyways, the next line is again grep has done its work, and I don't need
to specify standard input and standard output, because grep uses standard new input and standard
output anyway, and then I have a pipe symbol piping it on to the next command, which is
said, which is the stream editor, and what I'm going to do there is filter out everything
up until youtube.com forward slash embed, so I've got a big long line, presumably I've got
you know several lines of this stage actually, because grep, I will have five lines actually,
because there are five of these per page, so now this has returned five of these per page,
and I'm piping those into said, so said, and the actual command here is said single called s,
and then I'm using the tic-tac-tool octotor-pash symbol pound sign, whatever you call that,
where it happens in your jurisdiction, and I'm using the pound sign as a delimiter,
as a delimiter delimiter, we're winding, I'm using the pound sign, no I'm not using the pound sign,
I'm using the octoporp as a delimiter, because the forward slash is going to be used in the youtube
URL, so therefore I want to use a different delimiter to the traditional forward slash, and said
allows you to do that, anything after the s, an actual fact can be used, will be assumed to be
the delimiter you're using, okay, so said, space, single called s, octotor-p, the sheriff character,
which looks like a little roof, or a greater than less than symbol angled at 90 degrees pointing
up, over the six in the us keyboard, the dot asterix, www.ucube.com forward slash embed,
then two octotor-p's, octotor-p, octotor-p, octotor-p, and what that is doing is it is removing
everything up to and including the www.ucube.com forward slash embed, and what that leaves me with is
the URL screaming, yes, the identifier that youtube uses to identify videos, pretty cool eh,
however you're going to have a lot of crap after that, which you want to clean out and get rid of,
so I have said pipe that out to standard output, which is no problem for said, because it's,
I don't need to specify the dash again, because said by definition also pipes to standard output,
and then I use my friend, oct, to strip out the rest, oct, space, dash, capital F, space,
single called, double called, pipe symbol, question mark, single called, now I'll come back to that in
the second, space, single called, open curly brackets, print, space, double called, hdp,
colon, foresight, foresight, youtube.com forward slash watch, question mark, v equals, double
called, dollar sign one, closed curly brackets, single called, okay, so when um grip and said are
finished with their list, there are five lines passed through standard input, standard input,
which um begin with the ten character unique identifiers for youtube videos, now I don't want to
go cutting, I could use the cut command there, but I don't want to because uh older videos have
less characters and newer videos will have more characters, so we uh we will continue to use
those characters, so I want to tell oct that it should split and it should split the line that
it's receiving, based on the delimiter that is a double called or a question mark, so sometimes
a youtube URL will have a question mark and then a start and a stop time signifying where it should
where the video should um should cut in from on cut out to, so with the oct dash F you're able to
terminate very cleanly the youtube identifier and then oct will let's just print the correct URL
with the unique identifier out, so at the end of this I will have five URLs, so now I'm already in a
while loop five URLs and the outside while loop will continue to from sequence one to three four five six seven eight nine ten
producing each hammers goes the five new URLs from each that gets from each of the pages, so in this case
you will have 50 URLs, okay now within that main loop what I'm going to do is I'm going to do a
little bit of checking to see if I've downloaded this video before and to do that I'm going to have a
for loop, so um this for loop has actually going to be working on a variable uh list that is stored
in this video list which will be one big long string of these youtube URLs containing five of them
put together and for this the loop goes for this video in dollar open bracket echo this
dollar this video list close brackets call on do and do the stuff and then done, so the for loop is
very similar to the while loop for something in something do done and the while loop and the for
loop I tend to use while loops where I can but while loops, especially with playing ff with
converting an ff mpeg and in player there are slight very differences on the way they handle variables
and how they're executed within bashly kind of got to be a bit careful about that if if your loops
are not particularly working the way you think they should be you might want to switch from a while
to a for loop just just saying I'm not going to go into any more than that to be honest um because
I've come across it once or twice again as I say usually with ff mpeg or um or um um player that they
tend to prefer for loops for loops instead of while loop okay so what I'm doing here yes there are
definitely other ways of doing this this is why this series is series is not so much about
this is the best script ever but I'm actually interested in people taking this script and
niceying it up and doing the whole show basically on it or on something else but you know this is
one way of doing it as as Pearl says there are multiple ways of doing it so this is this is just one
way of doing it works for me it was quick and dirty script and it's pretty clean now and typically what
I tend to do anyway when I'm doing scripts is I'll put a one liner in and then the one line tends to get
more complicated and then I'll just put a very base text file so it's only a five liner and then
I'll leave it for a while and then I'll think okay and then you need to nicely that up a bit and then
I'll run it for a period of time and then sometimes that says it's done and then other times you
know I'll find out a cleaner way of doing it in in other scripts and then I'll go back and refractor
the scripts but anyway this is this is what it is so now within the for loop uh what I'm going to
get is um is what I want to do here is just do a little quick check in my log file to see if I've
downloaded this video before and if I haven't uh if I have I'll just skip over it if I
haven't I'll add the URL to a log file of videos to download so the script is if open square bracket
so for video in uh echo video list executed so it'll for video in uh youtube.com watch
v equals blah blah blah blah oh and five of those it'll do if open square brackets double
quote and here we are dollar open square open bracket and close brackets and we're going to run
a command in there and if the result of that command is equal to zero uh then do something so
what the command is inside there is grip this video log space log file so what I'm going to do is
look in the log file to see if I already have this URL if I have then I'm going to pipe that
into the word count command with the dash l option so what that does is it lists it only lists the
lines uh the number of lines that it's on not any of the other other junk that's really handy
so that's going to give me a number of hits in the file more than likely there's only it's either
going to be zero or one yeah so if that in double quotes is he is dash equal zero then I know I've
found a new video if it doesn't then I don't so if grip this video log file work out equal is
equal to zero then I echo out the statement found new file this video just gives myself some
feedback and the next line is I echo this video and I append it to a file called dollar log
file underscore to do and the redirect redirect is the greater than greater than symbol it will
send that to the log file and if you can remember from before the log file was created
by save path and save path was slash man blah blah blah blah blah blah forward slash download
dot log and now this is going to be underscore to do now if I had just used log file underscore to do
it would have put that into it wouldn't have found that variable so I would have just put it into
a blank file somewhere called log file to do probably in my home directory and you would just
spend whatever directory I would be in at the time of running this is create this log file there
somewhere and you're busy over on the other side which is an amount on the nas yet this file is
running locally on whatever the machine is you're running so that's why in closing they log file
variable in the dollar in the curly brackets allows bash to oh this is a variable but I'm going
to concatenate this this variable together so that's what that does that's pretty cool so essentially
I now log it my if statement then I have an else and then I echo out already downloaded
this video so as I'm going through it it'll say found new video youtube.com blah blah blah blah
or if it didn't find it it would or if it hasn't found it in the log file it would go already
downloaded youtube URL and then I close the for loop I close the dawn I close the
a for sorry I close the if statement with an f i if I always thought that was a bit odd to put on you
that is I close the for loop and I close the while loop so now I have a list of all the file
URL all the URLs that I want to download but they are in that are on order yes they are
they are so they're from page one item one so the first line of the file is page one item one
item two item three item four item five line six is page two item one two three four five six
and so on and so forth so what I want to do now is I want to do the actual downloading part which
I'm using youtube dash dl to do but I want to do that in reverse order so instead of
catting my file I'm going to tack my file which actually cats out the file in reverse order
brand command and you see what they did there tac is the reverse of cat wow pretty cool those
unique guys are so funny but it is actually a very useful command when you when you use it you
tend to use it a lot very nice way to do the first thing I do is I check to see if my log file
underscore to do exists because if there are no new videos there won't be a log file to do file
and I can just simply finish this thing not download it so that's pretty cool all in all which
means I can script this I can put this into a cron job or something run it every day or something
and download download the videos the only thing I'm doing is hitting the best of youtube but the
pretty static pages anyway so they're probably cached and then I'm not pulling anything from youtube
except when I'm downloading the video once and hey this has been a good niche citizen
but presuming I do find a log file a file of stuff that I need to download or that I want to download
I take the last file I tack that file out into a pipe and I take the last file and first and then
the second last second and the third last third and so forth and I'm going to pipe that simply
into the youtube dl command if you type youtube dash dl dash dash help you'll get a full list of
youtube dash dl commands it that commands changes so quickly the recommend you use youtube dash dl dash
you regularly which will allow you to update the file directly from their website I personally wouldn't
recommend that per se normally for a script but in this case I think a I think they're doing a
very good job and you can open the file up yourself and verify that it's not doing anything naughty
so after reading the help file I decided the following were the commands that suited myself the most
and therefore I will read them off so I'm going to use I'm going to use the long as poor the long
options here as opposed to the short ones I tend to use that in batch files anyway because it makes
it a lot more readable and by long I mean sort of instead of ls in so instead of dash h dash dash
hlp so that that tends to be the long format okay so it's youtube dash dl and the first parameter is
dash dash batch file space dash so we now know that the dash is except standard input and batch
file tells youtube downloader that instead of expecting the commands being put on the command line
that they're going to be redirected in from something else now the batch file could be also a
text file I could simply have pointed it to the log file directly and use that but problem with that
doing it that way is you guessed it yes it wouldn't be in the right order because I want to number
these zero to ninety nine or whatever the numbers are with the all with the highest number being
the newest video why just call me crazy then we have dash dash ignore dash errors if you didn't
use that used youtube if it came across a neural message in all that it wasn't able to download the
video then it would simply just stop and you would be left not having downloaded the remainder of
the videos that happens quite a lot on youtube because it doesn't have enough and you're not allowed
to view it in this area or it was temporarily suspended by the user or whatever so it's best to
put that in I found myself that mostly when I run this is one or two videos that are can download a
big deal I watch directly on youtube dl anyway then I have the dash dash no dash m time no
modification time so what that one does is it just uses today's time so that when I do a sort by
time in that directory I will get them not in the order that they were uploaded to youtube but the
order on which I downloaded them the dates of which I downloaded them which is fine next parameter
is dash dash restrict dash filenames which if the characters use extended unique code characters
or just limits the character set down to a z the uppercase lowercase while I don't have a problem
with people using a unicode and yes crayon my nas does support unicode as do all my computers
because we're living this side of the year 2000 yes it's just simpler all around far too restrict
the filenames that way you don't guess on printable characters on play out devices which don't
necessarily cause problems it just leads to a less than optimal user experience then the next
switch is dash dash max dash quality which gives me the max quality that you have for this one
youtube dl also allows you to download all of the option all the versions which is actually pretty
cool as well and the dash dash format mp4 is my preference format for downloading simply because
the extremer I have downstairs does come out before the web m format was standardized so it can't
play those yes I know like I'll convert them but I don't want to if it can't find an mp4 it will
download the web m so you're not going to miss anything so next option is dash dash right dash
auto dash sub right auto sub directory and then you have to use dash o parameters and what that
does is it allows you to use sort of youtube variable names to give stuff like title extension
IDs and so forth and what I'm using there is the first variable is my own variable which is dollar
saved here so that tells it where to dump in the base directory then I have quote forward slash
percent open bracket auto number close bracket s dash percent open bracket title close bracket
s dash percent id close bracket s dash percent open bracket ext close bracket s and close double
quote well well that that will do is create a save in my saver it'll create the auto number so
the first video that it downloads will be zero zero zero zero and you specify the number of
zeros I didn't bother except of the default with a dash and then the title as you would see it if
you're browsing on youtube like cat does funny thing with dog whatever dash and then the youtube's
id which is the id of the video number which is kind of handy if you go back to it and you see
that video I want to keep that and you paste it into google and you can get the into youtube you
can get the direct youtube link and then the extension web m or mp4 or whatever and that basically
creates all of those and then once it's finished downloading that I cat they log file underscore
to do and a redirect redirect into the log file and then I remove the log file underscore to do
and the fi finishes the download section of the of the script and that's pretty much it gets
something from a web page downloads it I'm going to put this into chrome and I never going to have
to worry about it again and I can watch those videos on my leisure on my laptop on my tablet or
on the extramar downstairs and that was it I won't say that this is the most pretty of scripts
but it is nonetheless a script to as nightwise so so eloquently puts it getting
errrr
ironically now completely lost but nightwise normally says yes and all your brody's screaming
yes getting technology working for you and that's what it's doing it means I don't need to worry
about it anymore it's just automated one thing of course it will do is it'll fill up my disk so I
do need to keep track of that so I'll probably not run it from chrome I'll probably just
for this period just run it manually right now okay so that was this that was an amazing amount
of time to talk about what I thought I was only going to cover in a few seconds I thought I
would be able to record more shows tonight but I doubt that that is going to happen and now my
hour is up so it means I can get out of bed for 10 minutes and walk around okay folks tune
in tomorrow for another exciting episode of hakarababiliq
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