Merge pull request 'fix: app-launch macros on Windows + bump to 1.1.1' (#10) from fix/app-launch-windows into main

When shell=True was removed for security, the command was parsed with
shlex.split(posix=False) on Windows, which keeps the quote characters inside
the tokens — so a quoted path like "C:\Program Files\app.exe" became an argv[0]
containing literal quotes and CreateProcess couldn't find it, so app macros
silently did nothing.

Fix: on Windows pass the command string to Popen (shell=False) and let
CreateProcess parse it (handles quoted paths, still no shell/metacharacter
chaining); on POSIX keep shlex.split. Verified a real launch works and shell
redirection stays blocked.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitea/workflows/build-windows.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+name: Build Windows
+
+# Windows-only build for the self-hosted org runner labelled "windows-latest".
+# Produces dist/macropad.exe as a build artifact, and on a version tag (v*)
+# creates/updates a Gitea release and attaches the exe.
+#
+# Notes for self-hosted Windows runners:
+#  - Uses `shell: powershell` (Windows PowerShell 5.1); `pwsh`/PowerShell 7 is
+#    not assumed to be installed.
+#  - actions/setup-python is avoided (its Windows tool-cache install hangs on
+#    self-hosted runners); Python 3.11 is used if present, else silently
+#    installed per-user.
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+
+jobs:
+  # Fast smoke test so a broken runner fails in seconds, not minutes.
+  preflight:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    steps:
+      - name: Runner check
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          Write-Host "Runner OK on $env:COMPUTERNAME"
+          Write-Host "OS: $([System.Environment]::OSVersion.VersionString)"
+          Write-Host "PowerShell: $($PSVersionTable.PSVersion)"
+          $py = Get-Command py -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+          if ($py) { & py -3.11 --version } else { Write-Host "No py launcher; build will self-install Python 3.11." }
+
+  build-windows:
+    needs: [preflight]
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Ensure Python 3.11
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+          [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+
+          # Persistent, side-effect-free Python for this builder. We use a
+          # standalone CPython from nuget (no registry/PATH changes, idempotent)
+          # cached under LOCALAPPDATA so subsequent runs reuse it. A pre-existing
+          # Python 3.11 on PATH is honoured if present.
+          $pyVersion = "3.11.9"
+          $root      = Join-Path $env:LOCALAPPDATA "MacroPadBuild"
+          $python    = Join-Path $root "python.$pyVersion\tools\python.exe"
+
+          if (-not (Test-Path $python)) {
+            # Honour an existing 3.11 on PATH (e.g. if the VM is pre-provisioned).
+            try {
+              $v = & python --version 2>&1
+              if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0 -and "$v" -match '3\.11') {
+                $python = (& python -c "import sys; print(sys.executable)").Trim()
+              }
+            } catch {}
+          }
+
+          if (-not (Test-Path $python)) {
+            Write-Host "Provisioning standalone Python $pyVersion via nuget..."
+            New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path $root | Out-Null
+            $nuget = Join-Path $root "nuget.exe"
+            if (-not (Test-Path $nuget)) {
+              Invoke-WebRequest -UseBasicParsing -Uri "https://dist.nuget.org/win-x86-commandline/latest/nuget.exe" -OutFile $nuget
+            }
+            & $nuget install python -Version $pyVersion -OutputDirectory $root -Source "https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json" -NonInteractive
+            if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "nuget install python exited with $LASTEXITCODE" }
+            $python = Join-Path $root "python.$pyVersion\tools\python.exe"
+          }
+
+          if (-not (Test-Path $python)) { throw "Python not found at '$python'" }
+          & $python -m ensurepip --upgrade 2>$null | Out-Null
+          & $python --version
+          # Write to GITHUB_ENV without a BOM (ascii) so the value parses cleanly.
+          Add-Content -Path $env:GITHUB_ENV -Value "PYTHON=$python" -Encoding ascii
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+          [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+          # Native command failures do NOT trip $ErrorActionPreference, so check
+          # $LASTEXITCODE explicitly — otherwise a broken install ships silently.
+          & $env:PYTHON -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "pip upgrade failed ($LASTEXITCODE)" }
+          & $env:PYTHON -m pip install -e .
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "pip install -e . failed ($LASTEXITCODE)" }
+          & $env:PYTHON -m pip install pyinstaller
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "pip install pyinstaller failed ($LASTEXITCODE)" }
+
+      - name: Verify runtime imports
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          # Fail fast if any runtime dependency is missing before we bundle.
+          & $env:PYTHON -c "import PySide6.QtWidgets, fastapi, uvicorn, aiohttp, PIL, pystray, qrcode, pyautogui, pyperclip, websockets, multipart; print('deps OK')"
+          if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "dependency import smoke test failed ($LASTEXITCODE)" }
+
+      - name: Build Windows executable
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+          & $env:PYTHON -m PyInstaller --noconfirm macropad.spec
+
+      - name: Verify build output
+        shell: powershell
+        run: |
+          if (-not (Test-Path dist/macropad.exe)) {
+            throw "Build failed: dist/macropad.exe not found"
+          }
+          Get-Item dist/macropad.exe | Format-List Name, Length, LastWriteTime
+
+      - name: Upload build artifact
+        # v3 uses the artifact protocol Gitea supports; v4+ requires a backend
+        # Gitea (reported as GHES) does not provide.
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: macropad-windows
+          path: dist/macropad.exe
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+      - name: Publish release asset (tags only)
+        if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
+        shell: powershell
+        env:
+          GITEA_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+          [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
+          $api  = $env:GITHUB_API_URL
+          $repo = $env:GITHUB_REPOSITORY
+          $tag  = $env:GITHUB_REF_NAME
+          $headers = @{ Authorization = "token $env:GITEA_TOKEN" }
+
+          # Create the release for this tag, or fetch it if it already exists.
+          $body = @{ tag_name = $tag; name = $tag; draft = $false; prerelease = $false } | ConvertTo-Json
+          try {
+            $rel = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -Uri "$api/repos/$repo/releases" `
+              -Headers $headers -ContentType 'application/json' -Body $body
+          } catch {
+            $rel = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri "$api/repos/$repo/releases/tags/$tag" -Headers $headers
+          }
+
+          # Attach the executable (replace a prior asset of the same name).
+          $existing = $rel.assets | Where-Object { $_.name -eq 'macropad.exe' }
+          if ($existing) {
+            Invoke-RestMethod -Method Delete -Headers $headers `
+              -Uri "$api/repos/$repo/releases/$($rel.id)/assets/$($existing.id)"
+          }
+          Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -Headers $headers `
+            -Uri "$api/repos/$repo/releases/$($rel.id)/assets?name=macropad.exe" `
+            -InFile dist/macropad.exe -ContentType 'application/octet-stream'
+          Write-Host "Attached macropad.exe to release $tag"

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-# =============================================================================
-# WORKFLOW DISABLED - Pending testing of v0.9.0 modernization
-# =============================================================================
-# This workflow is temporarily disabled while testing the new:
-# - PySide6 GUI (replacing Tkinter)
-# - FastAPI web server (replacing Flask)
-# - pyproject.toml build system (replacing requirements.txt)
-# - PWA web interface
-#
-# Uncomment the workflow below once builds are verified locally.
-# =============================================================================
-
-# name: Build and Release
-#
-# on:
-#   push:
-#     branches:
-#       - main
-#
-# jobs:
-#   create-release:
-#     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-#     steps:
-#       - name: Checkout code
-#         uses: actions/checkout@v3
-#
-#       - name: Get version
-#         id: get_version
-#         run: |
-#           VERSION=$(cat version.txt)
-#           echo "VERSION=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-#
-#       - name: Create Release
-#         id: create_release
-#         uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
-#         with:
-#           tag_name: v${{ env.VERSION }}
-#           name: Release v${{ env.VERSION }}
-#           draft: false
-#           prerelease: false
-#
-#   build-windows:
-#     needs: [create-release]
-#     runs-on: windows-latest
-#     steps:
-#       - name: Checkout code
-#         uses: actions/checkout@v3
-#
-#       - name: Set up Python
-#         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-#         with:
-#           python-version: '3.11'
-#
-#       - name: Install dependencies
-#         run: |
-#           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-#           pip install pyinstaller
-#           pip install -e .
-#
-#       - name: Build executable
-#         run: |
-#           pyinstaller macropad.spec
-#
-#       - name: Upload Windows artifact
-#         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-#         with:
-#           name: macropad-windows
-#           path: dist/macropad.exe
-#
-#   build-linux:
-#     needs: [create-release]
-#     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-#     steps:
-#       - name: Checkout code
-#         uses: actions/checkout@v3
-#
-#       - name: Set up Python
-#         uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-#         with:
-#           python-version: '3.11'
-#
-#       - name: Install system dependencies
-#         run: |
-#           sudo apt-get update
-#           # PySide6 requirements
-#           sudo apt-get install -y libxcb-xinerama0 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libegl1
-#           # System tray requirements
-#           sudo apt-get install -y libgtk-3-dev python3-gi python3-gi-cairo gir1.2-gtk-3.0
-#           sudo apt-get install -y gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
-#           sudo apt-get install -y libcairo2-dev libgirepository1.0-dev
-#
-#       - name: Install dependencies
-#         run: |
-#           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-#           pip install pyinstaller
-#           pip install -e .
-#
-#       - name: Build executable
-#         run: |
-#           pyinstaller macropad_linux.spec
-#
-#       - name: Upload Linux artifact
-#         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-#         with:
-#           name: macropad-linux
-#           path: dist/macropad
-#
-# # MacOS build - requires macos runner
-# #  build-macos:
-# #    needs: [create-release]
-# #    runs-on: macos-latest
-# #    steps:
-# #      - name: Checkout code
-# #        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-# #
-# #      - name: Set up Python
-# #        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-# #        with:
-# #          python-version: '3.11'
-# #
-# #      - name: Install dependencies
-# #        run: |
-# #          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-# #          pip install pyinstaller
-# #          pip install -e .
-# #
-# #      - name: Build executable
-# #        run: |
-# #          pyinstaller macropad_macos.spec
-# #
-# #      - name: Upload macOS artifact
-# #        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-# #        with:
-# #          name: macropad-macos
-# #          path: dist/macropad.app
-#
-#   attach-to-release:
-#     needs: [create-release, build-windows, build-linux]
-#     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-#     steps:
-#       - name: Checkout code
-#         uses: actions/checkout@v3
-#
-#       - name: Get version
-#         id: get_version
-#         run: |
-#           VERSION=$(cat version.txt)
-#           echo "VERSION=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-#
-#       - name: Download all artifacts
-#         uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-#
-#       - name: Attach executables to release
-#         uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
-#         with:
-#           tag_name: v${{ env.VERSION }}
-#           files: |
-#             macropad-windows/macropad.exe
-#             macropad-linux/macropad

README.md

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ A cross-platform macro management application with desktop and web interfaces. C
   - **Hotkeys**: Key combinations (Ctrl+C, Alt+Tab, etc.)
   - **Wait**: Insert delays between commands (in milliseconds)
   - **App**: Launch applications or scripts
+- **Media & System Keys**: Control playback and audio (volume up/down/mute, play/pause, next/previous track, stop) alongside regular keys
 - **Custom Images**: Assign images to macros for easy identification
 - **Category Management**: Organize macros into custom tabs
 
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ A cross-platform macro management application with desktop and web interfaces. C
 - **System Tray**: Minimize to tray, always accessible
 
 ### Additional Features
+- **Relay Server Support**: Access your macros securely over HTTPS from anywhere
 - **QR Code Generation**: Quickly connect mobile devices
 - **Real-time Sync**: WebSocket updates across all connected devices
 - **Offline Support**: PWA caches for offline macro viewing
@@ -37,8 +39,8 @@ A cross-platform macro management application with desktop and web interfaces. C
 - PyAutoGUI (Keyboard automation)
 - Pillow (Image processing)
 - pystray (System tray)
-- netifaces (Network detection)
 - qrcode (QR code generation)
+- aiohttp (Relay server client)
 
 ## Installation
 
@@ -117,15 +119,18 @@ A macro that types a username, waits, presses Tab, types a password, and presses
 ### Web Interface (PWA)
 
 1. Start the application (web server starts automatically on port 40000)
-2. Note the URL shown in the toolbar (e.g., `http://192.168.1.100:40000`)
+2. Note the URL shown in the toolbar (e.g., `http://192.168.1.100:40000/?token=...`)
 3. Open this URL on any device on your network
 4. **Install as PWA**:
    - Mobile: Tap browser menu → "Add to Home Screen"
    - Desktop: Click install icon in address bar
 
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> The local web server now requires an access token. A per-install token is auto-generated and stored in `settings.json`, and is embedded in the URL shown in the toolbar and in the QR code — so copying the URL or scanning the QR just works. Anyone with that URL can control your macros, so treat it like a password. By default the server also binds to your LAN; set `web.allow_lan` to `false` in settings to restrict access to localhost only.
+
 The web interface provides full macro management:
 - View and execute macros
-- Create and edit macros with command builder
+- Create, edit, and delete macros directly from the web app — tap the **+** button to open the command-sequence builder (no desktop app required)
 - Organize into categories
 - Real-time sync across devices
 
@@ -136,6 +141,30 @@ The web interface provides full macro management:
   - **Show**: Restore window
   - **Quit**: Exit application
 
+### Relay Server (Remote Access)
+
+Access your macros from outside your local network using a relay server:
+
+1. Click **Settings** (gear icon) in the toolbar
+2. Check **Enable Relay Server**
+3. Enter your relay server URL and password
+4. Click **Save**
+
+Once connected, a relay URL will appear in the toolbar. Use this URL from any device with internet access. The relay provides:
+- Secure HTTPS connection
+- Macro browsing and execution
+- PWA installation support
+- Wake lock and fullscreen mode
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> The relay web client is **execute-only**: remote devices can browse and trigger macros, but macro creation/editing is intentionally limited to the local network (the desktop app and the local web interface). This keeps macro authoring — which defines what runs on your computer — off the public internet.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> The relay password is stored in your OS keyring when one is available, falling back to the settings file (written with restricted `0600` permissions) otherwise.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> You need access to a relay server. See [MP-Relay](https://repo.anhonesthost.net/MacroPad/MP-Relay) for self-hosting instructions. The self-hosted relay now enforces login rate-limiting/lockout, keeps credentials out of URLs, and requires setting sane environment values — see the relay repo's `.env.example`.
+
 ## Command Types Reference
 
 | Type | Description | Parameters |
@@ -144,10 +173,13 @@ The web interface provides full macro management:
 | `key` | Presses a single key | `value`: Key name (enter, tab, escape, f1-f12, etc.) |
 | `hotkey` | Presses key combination | `keys`: List of keys (e.g., ["ctrl", "c"]) |
 | `wait` | Delays execution | `ms`: Milliseconds to wait |
-| `app` | Launches application | `command`: Shell command to execute |
+| `app` | Launches an application | `command`: Program and arguments to run (tokenized and executed directly — no shell) |
 
 ## Example Application Commands
 
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> `app` commands are tokenized and the program is executed **directly**, without a shell. This closes a remote-code-execution risk, but it means shell features are **not** supported: command chaining (`;`, `&&`, `|`), output redirection (`>`), environment-variable expansion (`$VAR`, `%VAR%`), and shell built-ins will not work. Launching a program with arguments works exactly as shown below.
+
 ### Windows
 ```bash
 # Steam game
@@ -213,6 +245,7 @@ MP-Server/
 ├── config.py            # Configuration constants
 ├── macro_manager.py     # Macro storage and execution
 ├── web_server.py        # FastAPI web server
+├── relay_client.py      # Relay server WebSocket client
 ├── pyproject.toml       # Dependencies and build config
 ├── gui/                 # PySide6 desktop interface
 │   ├── main_window.py

config.py

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Configuration and constants for MacroPad Server
 
-VERSION = "0.9.0"
+VERSION = "1.1.1"
 DEFAULT_PORT = 40000
+SETTINGS_FILE = "settings.json"
 
 # UI Theme colors
 THEME = {
@@ -12,7 +13,10 @@ THEME = {
     'button_bg': "#505050",
     'button_fg': "#ffffff",
     'tab_bg': "#404040",
-    'tab_selected': "#007acc"
+    'tab_selected': "#007acc",
+    'accent_hover': "#0096ff",
+    'danger_color': "#dc3545",
+    'danger_hover': "#c82333"
 }
 
 # File extensions for images

gui/macro_editor.py

@@ -1,19 +1,30 @@
 # Macro editor dialog with command builder (PySide6)
 
 import os
-from typing import Optional, List, Dict
+from typing import Optional, List
 
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QFormLayout,
     QLabel, QLineEdit, QPushButton, QListWidget, QListWidgetItem,
-    QComboBox, QSpinBox, QMessageBox, QFileDialog, QWidget,
+    QComboBox, QMessageBox, QFileDialog, QWidget,
-    QGroupBox, QScrollArea, QCompleter
+    QGroupBox, QScrollArea
 )
 from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal
-from PySide6.QtGui import QPixmap, QIcon
+from PySide6.QtGui import QPixmap
 
 from config import THEME, IMAGE_EXTENSIONS
 
+# Selectable single keys offered in the key picker. Includes common media/system
+# keys pyautogui supports, a near-zero-cost win for a media/stream deck.
+KEY_CHOICES = [
+    "Enter", "Tab", "Escape", "Space", "Backspace", "Delete",
+    "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right", "Home", "End", "PageUp", "PageDown",
+    "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12",
+    # Media / system keys
+    "VolumeUp", "VolumeDown", "VolumeMute",
+    "PlayPause", "NextTrack", "PrevTrack", "Stop",
+]
+
 
 class CommandItem(QWidget):
     """Widget representing a single command in the list."""
@@ -86,7 +97,7 @@ class CommandItem(QWidget):
         del_btn = QPushButton("X")
         del_btn.setStyleSheet(f"""
             QPushButton {{
-                background-color: #dc3545;
+                background-color: {THEME['danger_color']};
                 color: white;
                 border: none;
                 padding: 6px 8px;
@@ -94,7 +105,7 @@ class CommandItem(QWidget):
                 min-height: 20px;
             }}
             QPushButton:hover {{
-                background-color: #c82333;
+                background-color: {THEME['danger_hover']};
             }}
         """)
         del_btn.setFixedSize(30, 28)
@@ -212,9 +223,7 @@ class CommandBuilder(QWidget):
 
         elif cmd_type == "key":
             from PySide6.QtWidgets import QInputDialog
-            keys = ["Enter", "Tab", "Escape", "Space", "Backspace", "Delete",
+            keys = list(KEY_CHOICES)
-                    "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right", "Home", "End", "PageUp", "PageDown",
-                    "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12"]
             key, ok = QInputDialog.getItem(self, "Key Command", "Select key:", keys, 0, True)
             if not ok or not key:
                 return
@@ -243,7 +252,15 @@ class CommandBuilder(QWidget):
 
         elif cmd_type == "app":
             from PySide6.QtWidgets import QInputDialog
-            cmd, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, "App Command", "Enter application command:")
+            cmd, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
+                self, "App Command",
+                "Enter application command:\n\n"
+                "Examples:\n"
+                "  Windows: notepad.exe\n"
+                "  Windows: \"C:\\Program Files\\App\\app.exe\"\n"
+                "  Linux: firefox https://example.com\n"
+                "  macOS: open -a Safari"
+            )
             if not ok or not cmd:
                 return
             command["command"] = cmd
@@ -287,9 +304,7 @@ class CommandBuilder(QWidget):
                 cmd["value"] = text
 
         elif cmd_type == "key":
-            keys = ["Enter", "Tab", "Escape", "Space", "Backspace", "Delete",
+            keys = list(KEY_CHOICES)
-                    "Up", "Down", "Left", "Right", "Home", "End", "PageUp", "PageDown",
-                    "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12"]
             keys_lower = [k.lower() for k in keys]
             current = keys_lower.index(cmd.get("value", "enter")) if cmd.get("value") in keys_lower else 0
             key, ok = QInputDialog.getItem(self, "Edit Key", "Select key:", keys, current, True)
@@ -314,7 +329,13 @@ class CommandBuilder(QWidget):
 
         elif cmd_type == "app":
             text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(
-                self, "Edit App", "Enter application command:",
+                self, "Edit App",
+                "Enter application command:\n\n"
+                "Examples:\n"
+                "  Windows: notepad.exe\n"
+                "  Windows: \"C:\\Program Files\\App\\app.exe\"\n"
+                "  Linux: firefox https://example.com\n"
+                "  macOS: open -a Safari",
                 text=cmd.get("command", "")
             )
             if ok and text:
@@ -497,7 +518,7 @@ class MacroEditorDialog(QDialog):
             delete_btn = QPushButton("Delete")
             delete_btn.setStyleSheet(f"""
                 QPushButton {{
-                    background-color: #dc3545;
+                    background-color: {THEME['danger_color']};
                     color: white;
                     border: none;
                     padding: 10px 20px;
@@ -505,7 +526,7 @@ class MacroEditorDialog(QDialog):
                     font-weight: bold;
                 }}
                 QPushButton:hover {{
-                    background-color: #c82333;
+                    background-color: {THEME['danger_hover']};
                 }}
             """)
             delete_btn.clicked.connect(self.delete_macro)
@@ -540,7 +561,7 @@ class MacroEditorDialog(QDialog):
                 font-weight: bold;
             }}
             QPushButton:hover {{
-                background-color: #0096ff;
+                background-color: {THEME['accent_hover']};
             }}
         """)
         save_btn.clicked.connect(self.save_macro)
@@ -620,9 +641,15 @@ class MacroEditorDialog(QDialog):
 
     def delete_macro(self):
         """Delete the current macro."""
+        macro_name = self.name_input.text().strip()
+        prompt = (
+            f"Are you sure you want to delete \"{macro_name}\"?"
+            if macro_name else
+            "Are you sure you want to delete this macro?"
+        )
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self, "Delete Macro",
-            "Are you sure you want to delete this macro?",
+            prompt,
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
         if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:

gui/main_window.py

@@ -5,6 +5,10 @@ import sys
 import threading
 from typing import Optional
 
+# Windows startup management
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+    import winreg
+
 
 def get_resource_path(relative_path):
     """Get the path to a bundled resource file."""
@@ -17,15 +21,16 @@ def get_resource_path(relative_path):
 from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
     QMainWindow, QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout,
     QLabel, QPushButton, QTabWidget, QGridLayout,
-    QScrollArea, QFrame, QMenu, QMenuBar, QStatusBar,
+    QScrollArea, QMenu, QStatusBar,
     QMessageBox, QApplication, QSystemTrayIcon, QStyle
 )
-from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal, QTimer, QSize
+from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal, QTimer, QEvent
-from PySide6.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmap, QAction, QFont
+from PySide6.QtGui import QIcon, QPixmap, QAction
 
-from config import VERSION, THEME, DEFAULT_PORT
+from config import VERSION, THEME, DEFAULT_PORT, SETTINGS_FILE
 from macro_manager import MacroManager
 from web_server import WebServer
+from .settings_manager import SettingsManager
 
 
 class MacroButton(QPushButton):
@@ -35,7 +40,7 @@ class MacroButton(QPushButton):
     edit_requested = Signal(str)
     delete_requested = Signal(str)
 
-    def __init__(self, macro_id: str, macro: dict, parent=None):
+    def __init__(self, macro_id: str, macro: dict, app_dir: str, parent=None):
         super().__init__(parent)
         self.macro_id = macro_id
         self.macro = macro
@@ -70,7 +75,9 @@ class MacroButton(QPushButton):
         image_label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
 
         if macro.get("image_path"):
-            pixmap = QPixmap(macro["image_path"])
+            # Resolve relative image path against app directory
+            image_path = os.path.join(app_dir, macro["image_path"])
+            pixmap = QPixmap(image_path)
             if not pixmap.isNull():
                 pixmap = pixmap.scaled(48, 48, Qt.KeepAspectRatio, Qt.SmoothTransformation)
                 image_label.setPixmap(pixmap)
@@ -116,6 +123,12 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
     """Main application window."""
 
     macros_changed = Signal()
+    # Signals for thread-safe relay status updates
+    relay_session_received = Signal(str)
+    relay_connected_signal = Signal()
+    relay_disconnected_signal = Signal()
+    # Report macro execution result back to the GUI thread (success flag).
+    macro_execution_finished = Signal(bool)
 
     def __init__(self, app_dir: str):
         super().__init__()
@@ -123,6 +136,10 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.current_tab = "All"
         self.sort_by = "name"
 
+        # Initialize settings manager
+        settings_file = os.path.join(app_dir, SETTINGS_FILE)
+        self.settings_manager = SettingsManager(settings_file)
+
         # Initialize macro manager
         data_file = os.path.join(app_dir, "macros.json")
         images_dir = os.path.join(app_dir, "macro_images")
@@ -131,9 +148,17 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.macro_manager = MacroManager(data_file, images_dir, app_dir)
 
         # Initialize web server
-        self.web_server = WebServer(self.macro_manager, app_dir, DEFAULT_PORT)
+        token = self.settings_manager.get_web_auth_token()
+        host = "0.0.0.0" if self.settings_manager.get_web_allow_lan() else "127.0.0.1"
+        self.web_server = WebServer(
+            self.macro_manager, app_dir, DEFAULT_PORT,
+            auth_token=token, host=host
+        )
         self.server_thread = None
 
+        # Relay client (initialized later if enabled)
+        self.relay_client = None
+
         # Setup UI
         self.setup_ui()
         self.setup_menu()
@@ -142,8 +167,23 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # Start web server
         self.start_server()
 
+        # Start relay client if enabled
+        if self.settings_manager.get_relay_enabled():
+            self.start_relay_client()
+
         # Connect signals
         self.macros_changed.connect(self.refresh_macros)
+        self.relay_session_received.connect(self._handle_relay_session)
+        self.relay_connected_signal.connect(lambda: self._update_relay_status(True))
+        self.relay_disconnected_signal.connect(lambda: self._update_relay_status(False))
+        self.macro_execution_finished.connect(self._on_macro_execution_finished)
+
+        # Debounce timer for resize-driven grid rebuilds.
+        self._resize_timer = QTimer(self)
+        self._resize_timer.setSingleShot(True)
+        self._resize_timer.setInterval(150)
+        self._resize_timer.timeout.connect(self._apply_resize)
+        self._last_col_count = None
 
         # Load initial data
         self.refresh_tabs()
@@ -151,7 +191,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
     def setup_ui(self):
         """Setup the main UI components."""
-        self.setWindowTitle(f"MacroPad Server v{VERSION}")
+        self.setWindowTitle("MacroPad Server")
         self.setMinimumSize(600, 400)
         self.setStyleSheet(f"background-color: {THEME['bg_color']};")
 
@@ -179,7 +219,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
                 font-weight: bold;
             }}
             QPushButton:hover {{
-                background-color: #0096ff;
+                background-color: {THEME['accent_hover']};
             }}
         """)
         add_btn.clicked.connect(self.add_macro)
@@ -187,9 +227,18 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         toolbar_layout.addStretch()
 
-        # IP address label
+        # Clickable IP address label (click to copy)
-        self.ip_label = QLabel()
+        self.ip_label = QPushButton()
-        self.ip_label.setStyleSheet(f"color: {THEME['fg_color']};")
+        self.ip_label.setCursor(Qt.PointingHandCursor)
+        self.ip_label.setStyleSheet(f"""
+            QPushButton {{
+                background-color: transparent;
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+                border: none;
+                padding: 4px 8px;
+            }}
+        """)
+        self.ip_label.clicked.connect(self.copy_url_to_clipboard)
         self.update_ip_label()
         toolbar_layout.addWidget(self.ip_label)
 
@@ -275,11 +324,28 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         file_menu.addSeparator()
 
+        # Windows startup option (only on Windows)
+        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+            self.startup_action = QAction("Start on Windows Startup", self)
+            self.startup_action.setCheckable(True)
+            self.startup_action.setChecked(self.get_startup_enabled())
+            self.startup_action.triggered.connect(self.toggle_startup)
+            file_menu.addAction(self.startup_action)
+            file_menu.addSeparator()
+
         quit_action = QAction("Quit", self)
         quit_action.setShortcut("Ctrl+Q")
         quit_action.triggered.connect(self.close)
         file_menu.addAction(quit_action)
 
+        # Edit menu
+        edit_menu = menubar.addMenu("Edit")
+
+        settings_action = QAction("Settings...", self)
+        settings_action.setShortcut("Ctrl+,")
+        settings_action.triggered.connect(self.show_settings)
+        edit_menu.addAction(settings_action)
+
         # View menu
         view_menu = menubar.addMenu("View")
 
@@ -318,7 +384,7 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         # Tray menu
         tray_menu = QMenu()
         show_action = tray_menu.addAction("Show")
-        show_action.triggered.connect(self.show)
+        show_action.triggered.connect(self.restore_window)
         quit_action = tray_menu.addAction("Quit")
         quit_action.triggered.connect(self.close)
 
@@ -329,7 +395,14 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
     def on_tray_activated(self, reason):
         """Handle tray icon activation."""
         if reason == QSystemTrayIcon.ActivationReason.DoubleClick:
+            self.restore_window()
+
+    def restore_window(self):
+        """Restore and bring window to front."""
+        # Clear minimized state and show
+        self.setWindowState(Qt.WindowNoState)
         self.show()
+        self.raise_()
         self.activateWindow()
 
     def start_server(self):
@@ -379,19 +452,90 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
     def update_ip_label(self):
         """Update the IP address label."""
-        try:
+        # Check if relay is connected and has a session ID
-            import netifaces
+        relay_connected = self.relay_client and self.relay_client.is_connected()
-            for iface in netifaces.interfaces():
+        session_id = self.settings_manager.get_relay_session_id()
-                addrs = netifaces.ifaddresses(iface)
+
-                if netifaces.AF_INET in addrs:
+        if relay_connected and session_id:
-                    for addr in addrs[netifaces.AF_INET]:
+            relay_url = self.settings_manager.get_relay_url()
-                        ip = addr.get('addr', '')
+            # Convert wss:// to https:// for display
-                        if ip and not ip.startswith('127.'):
+            base_url = relay_url.replace('wss://', 'https://').replace('ws://', 'http://')
-                            self.ip_label.setText(f"http://{ip}:{DEFAULT_PORT}")
+            base_url = base_url.replace('/desktop', '').rstrip('/')
+            full_url = f"{base_url}/{session_id}"
+            self.ip_label.setText(full_url)
             return
+
+        # Fall back to local IP. Append the auth token as a query param so the
+        # QR/copied URL lets a LAN device authenticate against the API.
+        token = self.settings_manager.get_web_auth_token()
+        token_qs = f"?token={token}" if token else ""
+        ip = self._detect_lan_ip()
+        if ip:
+            self.ip_label.setText(f"http://{ip}:{DEFAULT_PORT}{token_qs}")
+            return
+        self.ip_label.setText(f"http://localhost:{DEFAULT_PORT}{token_qs}")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _detect_lan_ip():
+        """Best-effort primary LAN IPv4, with no third-party dependency.
+
+        Uses a UDP socket to discover which local interface would be used to
+        reach the internet (no packets are actually sent), then falls back to
+        resolving the hostname. Returns None if only loopback is available.
+        """
+        import socket
+        try:
+            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
+            try:
+                s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))
+                ip = s.getsockname()[0]
+            finally:
+                s.close()
+            if ip and not ip.startswith("127."):
+                return ip
         except Exception:
             pass
-        self.ip_label.setText(f"http://localhost:{DEFAULT_PORT}")
+        try:
+            for ip in socket.gethostbyname_ex(socket.gethostname())[2]:
+                if not ip.startswith("127."):
+                    return ip
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        return None
+
+    def copy_url_to_clipboard(self):
+        """Copy the web interface URL to clipboard."""
+        url = self.ip_label.text()
+        if url == "Copied!":
+            return  # Already showing copied feedback
+        clipboard = QApplication.clipboard()
+        clipboard.setText(url)
+
+        # Show "Copied!" feedback with dimmed style
+        self.ip_label.setText("Copied!")
+        self.ip_label.setStyleSheet("""
+            QPushButton {
+                background-color: transparent;
+                color: #888888;
+                border: none;
+                padding: 4px 8px;
+            }
+        """)
+
+        # Restore original URL after delay
+        QTimer.singleShot(1500, self._restore_url_label)
+
+    def _restore_url_label(self):
+        """Restore URL label after copy feedback."""
+        self.ip_label.setStyleSheet(f"""
+            QPushButton {{
+                background-color: transparent;
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+                border: none;
+                padding: 4px 8px;
+            }}
+        """)
+        self.update_ip_label()
 
     def refresh_tabs(self):
         """Refresh the tab widget."""
@@ -441,9 +585,10 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         filtered = self.macro_manager.filter_macros_by_tab(macro_list, tab_name)
 
         # Add macro buttons
-        cols = max(1, (self.width() - 40) // 130)
+        cols = self._compute_columns()
+        self._last_col_count = cols
         for i, (macro_id, macro) in enumerate(filtered):
-            btn = MacroButton(macro_id, macro)
+            btn = MacroButton(macro_id, macro, self.app_dir)
             btn.clicked.connect(lambda checked, mid=macro_id: self.execute_macro(mid))
             btn.edit_requested.connect(self.edit_macro)
             btn.delete_requested.connect(self.delete_macro)
@@ -454,8 +599,25 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
         self.refresh_macros()
 
     def execute_macro(self, macro_id: str):
-        """Execute a macro."""
+        """Execute a macro off the GUI thread so the UI doesn't freeze.
+
+        pyautogui presses and wait steps are blocking; running them on the Qt
+        main thread would freeze the window. Run in a worker thread and report
+        the result back via a signal (thread-safe).
+        """
+        self.status_bar.showMessage("Executing macro...", 2000)
+
+        def run():
+            try:
                 success = self.macro_manager.execute_macro(macro_id)
+            except Exception:
+                success = False
+            self.macro_execution_finished.emit(success)
+
+        threading.Thread(target=run, daemon=True).start()
+
+    def _on_macro_execution_finished(self, success: bool):
+        """Report macro execution result on the GUI thread."""
         if success:
             self.status_bar.showMessage("Macro executed", 2000)
         else:
@@ -479,9 +641,16 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
     def delete_macro(self, macro_id: str):
         """Delete a macro with confirmation."""
+        macro = self.macro_manager.get_macro(macro_id)
+        macro_name = macro.get("name", "") if macro else ""
+        prompt = (
+            f"Are you sure you want to delete \"{macro_name}\"?"
+            if macro_name else
+            "Are you sure you want to delete this macro?"
+        )
         reply = QMessageBox.question(
             self, "Delete Macro",
-            "Are you sure you want to delete this macro?",
+            prompt,
             QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
         )
         if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
@@ -540,16 +709,170 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
     def show_about(self):
         """Show about dialog."""
-        QMessageBox.about(
+        about_box = QMessageBox(self)
-            self, "About MacroPad Server",
+        about_box.setWindowTitle("About MacroPad Server")
-            f"MacroPad Server v{VERSION}\n\n"
+        about_box.setTextFormat(Qt.RichText)
-            "A cross-platform macro management application\n"
+        about_box.setTextInteractionFlags(Qt.TextBrowserInteraction)
-            "with desktop and web interfaces.\n\n"
+        about_box.setText(
-            "PWA-enabled for mobile devices."
+            f"<h2>MacroPad Server v{VERSION}</h2>"
+            "<p>A cross-platform macro management application<br>"
+            "with desktop and web interfaces.</p>"
+            "<p><b>Author:</b> <a href='https://shadowdao.com'>ShadowDao</a></p>"
+            "<p><b>Updates:</b> <a href='https://shadowdao.com'>shadowdao.com</a></p>"
+            "<p><b>Donate:</b> <a href='https://liberapay.com/GoTakeAKnapp/'>Liberapay</a></p>"
         )
+        about_box.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Ok)
+        about_box.exec()
+
+    def show_settings(self):
+        """Show settings dialog."""
+        from .settings_dialog import SettingsDialog
+        dialog = SettingsDialog(self.settings_manager, parent=self)
+        dialog.relay_settings_changed.connect(self.on_relay_settings_changed)
+        dialog.exec_()
+
+    def on_relay_settings_changed(self):
+        """Handle relay settings changes."""
+        # Stop existing relay client if running
+        self.stop_relay_client()
+
+        # Start new relay client if enabled
+        if self.settings_manager.get_relay_enabled():
+            self.start_relay_client()
+
+        # Update IP label to show relay URL if connected
+        self.update_ip_label()
+
+    def start_relay_client(self):
+        """Start the relay client in a background thread."""
+        try:
+            from relay_client import RelayClient
+        except ImportError:
+            self.status_bar.showMessage("Relay client not available", 3000)
+            return
+
+        url = self.settings_manager.get_relay_url()
+        password = self.settings_manager.get_relay_password()
+        session_id = self.settings_manager.get_relay_session_id()
+
+        if not url or not password:
+            self.status_bar.showMessage("Relay not configured", 3000)
+            return
+
+        self.relay_client = RelayClient(
+            relay_url=url,
+            password=password,
+            session_id=session_id,
+            local_port=DEFAULT_PORT,
+            on_connected=self.on_relay_connected,
+            on_disconnected=self.on_relay_disconnected,
+            on_session_id=self.on_relay_session_id,
+            local_auth_token=self.settings_manager.get_web_auth_token()
+        )
+        self.relay_client.start()
+        self.status_bar.showMessage("Connecting to relay server...")
+
+    def stop_relay_client(self):
+        """Stop the relay client."""
+        if self.relay_client:
+            self.relay_client.stop()
+            self.relay_client = None
+            self.status_bar.showMessage("Relay disconnected", 2000)
+
+    def on_relay_connected(self):
+        """Handle relay connection established (called from background thread)."""
+        self.relay_connected_signal.emit()
+
+    def on_relay_disconnected(self):
+        """Handle relay disconnection (called from background thread)."""
+        self.relay_disconnected_signal.emit()
+
+    def on_relay_session_id(self, session_id: str):
+        """Handle receiving session ID from relay (called from background thread)."""
+        self.relay_session_received.emit(session_id)
+
+    def _handle_relay_session(self, session_id: str):
+        """Handle relay session on main thread."""
+        if not self.settings_manager.set_relay_session_id(session_id):
+            self.status_bar.showMessage("Warning: failed to save relay session", 3000)
+        self.update_ip_label()
+
+    def _update_relay_status(self, connected: bool):
+        """Update UI for relay status (called on main thread)."""
+        if connected:
+            self.status_bar.showMessage("Connected to relay server")
+        else:
+            self.status_bar.showMessage("Relay disconnected - reconnecting...")
+        self.update_ip_label()
+
+    # Windows startup management
+    def get_startup_enabled(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if app is set to start on Windows startup."""
+        if sys.platform != 'win32':
+            return False
+        try:
+            key = winreg.OpenKey(
+                winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run",
+                0, winreg.KEY_READ
+            )
+            try:
+                winreg.QueryValueEx(key, "MacroPad Server")
+                return True
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                return False
+            finally:
+                winreg.CloseKey(key)
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+
+    def set_startup_enabled(self, enabled: bool):
+        """Enable or disable starting on Windows startup."""
+        if sys.platform != 'win32':
+            return
+
+        try:
+            key = winreg.OpenKey(
+                winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,
+                r"Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run",
+                0, winreg.KEY_SET_VALUE
+            )
+            try:
+                if enabled:
+                    # Get the executable path
+                    if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
+                        # Running as compiled executable
+                        exe_path = sys.executable
+                    else:
+                        # Running as script - use pythonw to avoid console
+                        exe_path = f'"{sys.executable}" "{os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])}"'
+
+                    winreg.SetValueEx(key, "MacroPad Server", 0, winreg.REG_SZ, exe_path)
+                    self.status_bar.showMessage("Added to Windows startup", 3000)
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        winreg.DeleteValue(key, "MacroPad Server")
+                        self.status_bar.showMessage("Removed from Windows startup", 3000)
+                    except FileNotFoundError:
+                        pass
+            finally:
+                winreg.CloseKey(key)
+        except Exception as e:
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Error", f"Failed to update startup settings: {e}")
+
+    def toggle_startup(self):
+        """Toggle the startup setting."""
+        current = self.get_startup_enabled()
+        self.set_startup_enabled(not current)
+        # Update menu checkmark
+        if hasattr(self, 'startup_action'):
+            self.startup_action.setChecked(not current)
 
     def closeEvent(self, event):
         """Handle window close."""
+        # Stop the relay client
+        self.stop_relay_client()
+
         # Stop the web server
         self.stop_server()
 
@@ -558,7 +881,35 @@ class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
 
         event.accept()
 
-    def resizeEvent(self, event):
+    def _compute_columns(self) -> int:
-        """Handle window resize."""
+        """Compute how many macro columns fit at the current width."""
-        super().resizeEvent(event)
+        return max(1, (self.width() - 40) // 130)
+
+    def _apply_resize(self):
+        """Rebuild the grid only if the column count actually changed."""
+        if self._compute_columns() != self._last_col_count:
             self.refresh_macros()
+
+    def resizeEvent(self, event):
+        """Handle window resize (debounced to coalesce rapid resize events)."""
+        super().resizeEvent(event)
+        # Coalesce a burst of resize events; only rebuild after things settle
+        # and only when the computed column count changed.
+        self._resize_timer.start()
+
+    def changeEvent(self, event):
+        """Handle window state changes - minimize to tray."""
+        if event.type() == QEvent.Type.WindowStateChange:
+            if (self.windowState() & Qt.WindowMinimized
+                    and self.settings_manager.get_minimize_to_tray()):
+                # Hide instead of minimize (goes to tray)
+                event.ignore()
+                self.hide()
+                self.tray_icon.showMessage(
+                    "MacroPad Server",
+                    "Running in system tray. Double-click to restore.",
+                    QSystemTrayIcon.Information,
+                    2000
+                )
+                return
+        super().changeEvent(event)

gui/settings_dialog.py

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+# Settings Dialog for MacroPad Server
+
+from PySide6.QtWidgets import (
+    QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QTabWidget,
+    QWidget, QLabel, QLineEdit, QCheckBox, QPushButton,
+    QGroupBox, QFormLayout, QMessageBox
+)
+from PySide6.QtCore import Qt, Signal
+
+from config import THEME
+
+
+class SettingsDialog(QDialog):
+    """Settings dialog for application preferences."""
+
+    relay_settings_changed = Signal()
+
+    def __init__(self, settings_manager, parent=None):
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self.settings_manager = settings_manager
+        self.setup_ui()
+        self.load_settings()
+
+    def setup_ui(self):
+        """Setup the dialog UI."""
+        self.setWindowTitle("Settings")
+        self.setMinimumSize(500, 400)
+        self.setStyleSheet(f"""
+            QDialog {{
+                background-color: {THEME['bg_color']};
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+            }}
+            QTabWidget::pane {{
+                border: 1px solid {THEME['highlight_color']};
+                background: {THEME['bg_color']};
+            }}
+            QTabBar::tab {{
+                background: {THEME['tab_bg']};
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+                padding: 8px 16px;
+                margin-right: 2px;
+            }}
+            QTabBar::tab:selected {{
+                background: {THEME['tab_selected']};
+            }}
+            QGroupBox {{
+                border: 1px solid {THEME['highlight_color']};
+                border-radius: 4px;
+                margin-top: 12px;
+                padding-top: 8px;
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+            }}
+            QGroupBox::title {{
+                subcontrol-origin: margin;
+                left: 10px;
+                padding: 0 5px;
+            }}
+            QLabel {{
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+            }}
+            QLineEdit {{
+                background-color: {THEME['highlight_color']};
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+                border: 1px solid {THEME['button_bg']};
+                border-radius: 4px;
+                padding: 6px;
+            }}
+            QLineEdit:focus {{
+                border-color: {THEME['accent_color']};
+            }}
+            QLineEdit:read-only {{
+                background-color: {THEME['bg_color']};
+            }}
+            QCheckBox {{
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+            }}
+            QCheckBox::indicator {{
+                width: 18px;
+                height: 18px;
+            }}
+            QPushButton {{
+                background-color: {THEME['button_bg']};
+                color: {THEME['fg_color']};
+                border: none;
+                padding: 8px 16px;
+                border-radius: 4px;
+            }}
+            QPushButton:hover {{
+                background-color: {THEME['highlight_color']};
+            }}
+            QPushButton:pressed {{
+                background-color: {THEME['accent_color']};
+            }}
+        """)
+
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
+
+        # Tab widget
+        self.tab_widget = QTabWidget()
+
+        # General tab
+        general_tab = self.create_general_tab()
+        self.tab_widget.addTab(general_tab, "General")
+
+        # Relay Server tab
+        relay_tab = self.create_relay_tab()
+        self.tab_widget.addTab(relay_tab, "Relay Server")
+
+        layout.addWidget(self.tab_widget)
+
+        # Buttons
+        button_layout = QHBoxLayout()
+        button_layout.addStretch()
+
+        cancel_btn = QPushButton("Cancel")
+        cancel_btn.clicked.connect(self.reject)
+        button_layout.addWidget(cancel_btn)
+
+        save_btn = QPushButton("Save")
+        save_btn.setStyleSheet(f"""
+            QPushButton {{
+                background-color: {THEME['accent_color']};
+                color: white;
+            }}
+            QPushButton:hover {{
+                background-color: {THEME['accent_hover']};
+            }}
+        """)
+        save_btn.clicked.connect(self.save_settings)
+        button_layout.addWidget(save_btn)
+
+        layout.addLayout(button_layout)
+
+    def create_general_tab(self) -> QWidget:
+        """Create the general settings tab."""
+        tab = QWidget()
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(tab)
+
+        # Behavior group
+        behavior_group = QGroupBox("Behavior")
+        behavior_layout = QVBoxLayout(behavior_group)
+
+        self.minimize_to_tray_cb = QCheckBox("Minimize to system tray")
+        self.minimize_to_tray_cb.setToolTip(
+            "When enabled, minimizing the window will hide it to the system tray\n"
+            "instead of the taskbar. Double-click the tray icon to restore."
+        )
+        behavior_layout.addWidget(self.minimize_to_tray_cb)
+
+        layout.addWidget(behavior_group)
+        layout.addStretch()
+
+        return tab
+
+    def create_relay_tab(self) -> QWidget:
+        """Create the relay server settings tab."""
+        tab = QWidget()
+        layout = QVBoxLayout(tab)
+
+        # Info label
+        info_label = QLabel(
+            "The relay server allows you to access MacroPad from anywhere\n"
+            "via a secure HTTPS connection. Your macros will be accessible\n"
+            "through a unique URL that you can share with your devices."
+        )
+        info_label.setWordWrap(True)
+        info_label.setStyleSheet(f"color: #aaa; margin-bottom: 10px;")
+        layout.addWidget(info_label)
+
+        # Connection group
+        connection_group = QGroupBox("Connection")
+        connection_layout = QFormLayout(connection_group)
+
+        self.relay_enabled_cb = QCheckBox("Enable relay server")
+        self.relay_enabled_cb.stateChanged.connect(self.on_relay_enabled_changed)
+        connection_layout.addRow("", self.relay_enabled_cb)
+
+        self.relay_url_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self.relay_url_edit.setPlaceholderText("wss://relay.example.com")
+        connection_layout.addRow("Server URL:", self.relay_url_edit)
+
+        layout.addWidget(connection_group)
+
+        # Authentication group
+        auth_group = QGroupBox("Authentication")
+        auth_layout = QFormLayout(auth_group)
+
+        self.relay_password_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self.relay_password_edit.setEchoMode(QLineEdit.Password)
+        self.relay_password_edit.setPlaceholderText("Required - minimum 8 characters")
+        auth_layout.addRow("Password:", self.relay_password_edit)
+
+        # Show password toggle
+        show_password_cb = QCheckBox("Show password")
+        show_password_cb.stateChanged.connect(
+            lambda state: self.relay_password_edit.setEchoMode(
+                QLineEdit.Normal if state else QLineEdit.Password
+            )
+        )
+        auth_layout.addRow("", show_password_cb)
+
+        layout.addWidget(auth_group)
+
+        # Status group
+        status_group = QGroupBox("Status")
+        status_layout = QFormLayout(status_group)
+
+        self.relay_session_id_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self.relay_session_id_edit.setReadOnly(True)
+        self.relay_session_id_edit.setPlaceholderText("Not connected")
+        status_layout.addRow("Session ID:", self.relay_session_id_edit)
+
+        self.relay_full_url_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self.relay_full_url_edit.setReadOnly(True)
+        self.relay_full_url_edit.setPlaceholderText("Connect to see your URL")
+        status_layout.addRow("Your URL:", self.relay_full_url_edit)
+
+        # Regenerate button
+        regen_btn = QPushButton("Generate New URL")
+        regen_btn.setToolTip("Generate a new unique URL (invalidates the old one)")
+        regen_btn.clicked.connect(self.regenerate_session_id)
+        status_layout.addRow("", regen_btn)
+
+        layout.addWidget(status_group)
+        layout.addStretch()
+
+        return tab
+
+    def load_settings(self):
+        """Load current settings into the UI."""
+        # General
+        self.minimize_to_tray_cb.setChecked(
+            self.settings_manager.get_minimize_to_tray()
+        )
+
+        # Relay
+        self.relay_enabled_cb.setChecked(
+            self.settings_manager.get_relay_enabled()
+        )
+        self.relay_url_edit.setText(
+            self.settings_manager.get_relay_url()
+        )
+        self.relay_password_edit.setText(
+            self.settings_manager.get_relay_password()
+        )
+
+        session_id = self.settings_manager.get_relay_session_id()
+        if session_id:
+            self.relay_session_id_edit.setText(session_id)
+            base_url = self.relay_url_edit.text().replace('wss://', 'https://').replace('ws://', 'http://')
+            base_url = base_url.replace('/desktop', '')
+            self.relay_full_url_edit.setText(f"{base_url}/{session_id}")
+
+        self.on_relay_enabled_changed()
+
+    def on_relay_enabled_changed(self):
+        """Handle relay enabled checkbox change."""
+        enabled = self.relay_enabled_cb.isChecked()
+        self.relay_url_edit.setEnabled(enabled)
+        self.relay_password_edit.setEnabled(enabled)
+
+    def validate_settings(self) -> bool:
+        """Validate settings before saving."""
+        if self.relay_enabled_cb.isChecked():
+            url = self.relay_url_edit.text().strip()
+            password = self.relay_password_edit.text()
+
+            if not url:
+                QMessageBox.warning(
+                    self, "Validation Error",
+                    "Relay server URL is required when relay is enabled."
+                )
+                return False
+
+            if not url.startswith(('ws://', 'wss://')):
+                QMessageBox.warning(
+                    self, "Validation Error",
+                    "Relay server URL must start with ws:// or wss://"
+                )
+                return False
+
+            if len(password) < 8:
+                QMessageBox.warning(
+                    self, "Validation Error",
+                    "Password must be at least 8 characters."
+                )
+                return False
+
+        return True
+
+    def save_settings(self):
+        """Save settings and close dialog."""
+        if not self.validate_settings():
+            return
+
+        # General
+        self.settings_manager.set(
+            'minimize_to_tray',
+            self.minimize_to_tray_cb.isChecked()
+        )
+
+        # Relay - check if settings changed
+        old_enabled = self.settings_manager.get_relay_enabled()
+        old_url = self.settings_manager.get_relay_url()
+        old_password = self.settings_manager.get_relay_password()
+
+        new_enabled = self.relay_enabled_cb.isChecked()
+        new_url = self.relay_url_edit.text().strip()
+        new_password = self.relay_password_edit.text()
+
+        relay_changed = (
+            old_enabled != new_enabled or
+            old_url != new_url or
+            old_password != new_password
+        )
+
+        self.settings_manager.set('relay.enabled', new_enabled)
+        self.settings_manager.set('relay.server_url', new_url)
+
+        # Store the password via the keyring-aware setter (also persists the
+        # rest of the settings). Avoid writing the plaintext password to JSON.
+        ok = self.settings_manager.set_relay_password(new_password)
+        if not ok:
+            QMessageBox.warning(
+                self, "Save Warning",
+                "Settings could not be fully saved to disk."
+            )
+
+        if relay_changed:
+            self.relay_settings_changed.emit()
+
+        self.accept()
+
+    def regenerate_session_id(self):
+        """Clear session ID to force regeneration on next connect."""
+        reply = QMessageBox.question(
+            self, "Regenerate URL",
+            "This will generate a new URL. The old URL will stop working.\n\n"
+            "Are you sure you want to continue?",
+            QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No
+        )
+        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
+            self.settings_manager.set('relay.session_id', None)
+            self.relay_session_id_edit.setText("")
+            self.relay_full_url_edit.setText("")
+            self.settings_manager.save()
+            QMessageBox.information(
+                self, "URL Regenerated",
+                "A new URL will be generated when you reconnect to the relay server."
+            )

gui/settings_manager.py

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# Settings Manager for MacroPad Server
+
+import os
+import json
+import secrets
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+# Optional OS keyring for storing the relay password at rest. If the library or
+# a working backend is unavailable we fall back to the JSON file (now chmod 0600).
+try:
+    import keyring as _keyring
+except Exception:  # ImportError or any backend import-time failure
+    _keyring = None
+
+KEYRING_SERVICE = "MacroPad"
+KEYRING_USER = "relay"
+
+
+DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
+    "relay": {
+        "enabled": False,
+        "server_url": "wss://relay.macropad.example.com",
+        "session_id": None,
+        "password": ""
+    },
+    "web": {
+        "auth_token": "",
+        "allow_lan": True
+    },
+    "minimize_to_tray": True
+}
+
+
+class SettingsManager:
+    """Manages application settings with JSON persistence."""
+
+    def __init__(self, settings_file: str):
+        self.settings_file = settings_file
+        self.settings = {}
+        self.load()
+
+    def load(self):
+        """Load settings from file."""
+        if os.path.exists(self.settings_file):
+            try:
+                with open(self.settings_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                    self.settings = json.load(f)
+            except (json.JSONDecodeError, IOError):
+                self.settings = {}
+
+        # Merge with defaults to ensure all keys exist
+        self.settings = self._merge_defaults(DEFAULT_SETTINGS, self.settings)
+
+        # Ensure a web auth token exists (this is the security boundary for API access)
+        if not self.get('web.auth_token'):
+            token = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
+            self.set('web.auth_token', token)
+            self.save()
+
+    def save(self):
+        """Save settings to file."""
+        try:
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(self.settings_file), exist_ok=True)
+            with open(self.settings_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                json.dump(self.settings, f, indent=2)
+            # Best-effort restrict permissions (protects stored relay password + token)
+            try:
+                os.chmod(self.settings_file, 0o600)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+            return True
+        except IOError:
+            return False
+
+    def _merge_defaults(self, defaults: dict, current: dict) -> dict:
+        """Merge current settings with defaults, keeping current values."""
+        result = defaults.copy()
+        for key, value in current.items():
+            if key in result:
+                if isinstance(result[key], dict) and isinstance(value, dict):
+                    result[key] = self._merge_defaults(result[key], value)
+                else:
+                    result[key] = value
+            else:
+                result[key] = value
+        return result
+
+    def get(self, key: str, default: Any = None) -> Any:
+        """Get a setting value by key (supports dot notation)."""
+        keys = key.split('.')
+        value = self.settings
+        try:
+            for k in keys:
+                value = value[k]
+            return value
+        except (KeyError, TypeError):
+            return default
+
+    def set(self, key: str, value: Any):
+        """Set a setting value by key (supports dot notation)."""
+        keys = key.split('.')
+        target = self.settings
+        for k in keys[:-1]:
+            if k not in target:
+                target[k] = {}
+            target = target[k]
+        target[keys[-1]] = value
+
+    def get_relay_enabled(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if relay server is enabled."""
+        return self.get('relay.enabled', False)
+
+    def get_relay_url(self) -> str:
+        """Get the relay server URL."""
+        return self.get('relay.server_url', '')
+
+    def get_relay_session_id(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Get the stored relay session ID."""
+        return self.get('relay.session_id')
+
+    def get_relay_password(self) -> str:
+        """Get the relay password, preferring the OS keyring when available."""
+        if _keyring is not None:
+            try:
+                value = _keyring.get_password(KEYRING_SERVICE, KEYRING_USER)
+                if value:
+                    return value
+            except Exception:
+                # Keyring backend missing/broken: fall back to JSON.
+                pass
+        return self.get('relay.password', '')
+
+    def set_relay_password(self, password: str) -> bool:
+        """Store the relay password, preferring the OS keyring when available.
+
+        When keyring works, the plaintext password is kept out of the JSON file.
+        Never crashes if the keyring backend is missing; falls back to JSON.
+        Returns True on successful persistence.
+        """
+        password = password or ""
+        stored_in_keyring = False
+        if _keyring is not None:
+            try:
+                _keyring.set_password(KEYRING_SERVICE, KEYRING_USER, password)
+                stored_in_keyring = True
+            except Exception:
+                stored_in_keyring = False
+
+        if stored_in_keyring:
+            # Don't persist plaintext in the JSON when the keyring holds it.
+            self.set('relay.password', "")
+        else:
+            self.set('relay.password', password)
+        return self.save()
+
+    def set_relay_session_id(self, session_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Store the relay session ID. Returns True on successful save."""
+        self.set('relay.session_id', session_id)
+        return self.save()
+
+    def get_web_auth_token(self) -> str:
+        """Get the web API auth token."""
+        return self.get('web.auth_token', '')
+
+    def get_web_allow_lan(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if LAN (0.0.0.0) binding is allowed."""
+        return self.get('web.allow_lan', True)
+
+    def get_minimize_to_tray(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if minimize to tray is enabled."""
+        return self.get('minimize_to_tray', True)

macro_manager.py

@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 import copy
 import json
 import os
+import shlex
+import tempfile
+import threading
 import uuid
 import pyautogui
 import subprocess
@@ -11,18 +14,42 @@ from PIL import Image
 from typing import Optional
 
 
+# --- Payload validation for execution ---------------------------------------
+# Allowlist of key names pyautogui knows how to press. Anything not in this set
+# is rejected before being handed to pyautogui so arbitrary strings can't be
+# passed through. Populated from pyautogui when available.
+VALID_KEYS = frozenset(getattr(pyautogui, "KEYBOARD_KEYS", []) or [])
+
+# Upper bound (milliseconds) for a single wait step so a macro can't hang the
+# executor forever.
+MAX_WAIT_MS = 60000
+
+# Only persist last_used to disk at most this often (seconds) to avoid rewriting
+# the whole JSON file on every single execution.
+LAST_USED_SAVE_INTERVAL = 5.0
+
+
 class MacroManager:
-    """Manages macro storage, migration, and execution with command sequences."""
+    """Manages macro storage, migration, and execution with command sequences.
+
+    Thread-safe: all reads/writes of ``self.macros`` and all disk writes are
+    guarded by ``self._lock``. Public methods acquire the lock and delegate to
+    ``*_locked`` internal helpers so we never re-acquire a non-reentrant lock.
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, data_file: str, images_dir: str, app_dir: str):
         self.data_file = data_file
         self.images_dir = images_dir
         self.app_dir = app_dir
         self.macros = {}
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        # Timestamp of the last last_used-triggered save (for debouncing).
+        self._last_used_save_time = 0.0
         self.load_macros()
 
     def load_macros(self):
         """Load macros from JSON file and migrate if needed."""
+        with self._lock:
             try:
                 if os.path.exists(self.data_file):
                     with open(self.data_file, "r") as file:
@@ -36,7 +63,7 @@ class MacroManager:
                             migrated = True
 
                     if migrated:
-                    self.save_macros()
+                        self._save_macros_locked()
                         print("Migrated macros to new command sequence format")
 
             except Exception as e:
@@ -91,28 +118,56 @@ class MacroManager:
         }
 
     def save_macros(self):
-        """Save macros to JSON file."""
+        """Save macros to JSON file (thread-safe, atomic)."""
+        with self._lock:
+            self._save_macros_locked()
+
+    def _save_macros_locked(self):
+        """Atomically write macros to disk. Caller must hold ``self._lock``.
+
+        Writes to a temp file in the same directory then os.replace() over the
+        target so a crash mid-write can't leave a truncated/corrupt JSON file.
+        """
         try:
-            with open(self.data_file, "w") as file:
+            target_dir = os.path.dirname(self.data_file) or "."
+            os.makedirs(target_dir, exist_ok=True)
+            fd, tmp_path = tempfile.mkstemp(
+                prefix=".macros-", suffix=".tmp", dir=target_dir
+            )
+            try:
+                with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as file:
                     json.dump(self.macros, file, indent=4)
+                    file.flush()
+                    os.fsync(file.fileno())
+                os.replace(tmp_path, self.data_file)
+            except Exception:
+                # Clean up the temp file on any failure
+                try:
+                    os.remove(tmp_path)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+                raise
         except Exception as e:
             print(f"Error saving macros: {e}")
 
     def get_sorted_macros(self, sort_by: str = "name"):
         """Get macros sorted by specified criteria."""
+        with self._lock:
             macro_list = list(self.macros.items())
 
         if sort_by == "name":
-            macro_list.sort(key=lambda x: x[1]["name"].lower())
+            macro_list.sort(key=lambda x: x[1].get("name", "").lower())
         elif sort_by == "type":
             # Sort by first command type in sequence
             def get_first_type(macro):
                 cmds = macro.get("commands", [])
                 return cmds[0].get("type", "") if cmds else ""
-            macro_list.sort(key=lambda x: (get_first_type(x[1]), x[1]["name"].lower()))
+            macro_list.sort(
+                key=lambda x: (get_first_type(x[1]), x[1].get("name", "").lower())
+            )
         elif sort_by == "recent":
             macro_list.sort(
-                key=lambda x: (x[1].get("last_used", 0), x[1]["name"].lower()),
+                key=lambda x: (x[1].get("last_used", 0), x[1].get("name", "").lower()),
                 reverse=True
             )
 
@@ -141,6 +196,7 @@ class MacroManager:
         tabs = ["All"]
         categories = set()
 
+        with self._lock:
             for macro in self.macros.values():
                 if macro.get("category"):
                     categories.add(macro["category"])
@@ -161,7 +217,7 @@ class MacroManager:
         """Add a new macro with command sequence."""
         macro_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
 
-        # Process image if provided
+        # Process image if provided (file IO; does not touch self.macros)
         image_path_reference = self._process_image(image_path) if image_path else ""
 
         # Create macro data (deep copy commands to avoid reference issues)
@@ -174,8 +230,9 @@ class MacroManager:
             "last_used": 0
         }
 
+        with self._lock:
             self.macros[macro_id] = macro_data
-        self.save_macros()
+            self._save_macros_locked()
         return macro_id
 
     def update_macro(
@@ -187,28 +244,32 @@ class MacroManager:
         image_path: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> bool:
         """Update an existing macro."""
+        with self._lock:
             if macro_id not in self.macros:
                 return False
+            existing_image = self.macros[macro_id].get("image_path", "")
+            existing_last_used = self.macros[macro_id].get("last_used", 0)
 
-        macro = self.macros[macro_id]
+        # Keep old image or update with new one (file IO outside the lock)
-
-        # Keep old image or update with new one
         if image_path is not None:
             image_path_reference = self._process_image(image_path) if image_path else ""
         else:
-            image_path_reference = macro.get("image_path", "")
+            image_path_reference = existing_image
 
-        # Update macro data (deep copy commands to avoid reference issues)
+        new_data = {
-        self.macros[macro_id] = {
             "name": name,
             "type": "sequence",
             "commands": copy.deepcopy(commands),
             "category": category,
             "image_path": image_path_reference,
-            "last_used": macro.get("last_used", 0)
+            "last_used": existing_last_used
         }
 
-        self.save_macros()
+        with self._lock:
+            if macro_id not in self.macros:
+                return False
+            self.macros[macro_id] = new_data
+            self._save_macros_locked()
         return True
 
     def _process_image(self, image_path: str) -> str:
@@ -233,37 +294,50 @@ class MacroManager:
 
     def delete_macro(self, macro_id: str) -> bool:
         """Delete a macro."""
+        with self._lock:
             if macro_id not in self.macros:
                 return False
 
             macro = self.macros[macro_id]
+            image_path = macro.get("image_path")
+            del self.macros[macro_id]
+            self._save_macros_locked()
 
-        # Delete associated image file
+        # Delete associated image file (outside the lock; pure file IO)
-        if macro.get("image_path"):
+        if image_path:
             try:
-                img_path = os.path.join(self.app_dir, macro["image_path"])
+                img_path = os.path.join(self.app_dir, image_path)
                 if os.path.exists(img_path):
                     os.remove(img_path)
             except Exception as e:
                 print(f"Error removing image file: {e}")
 
-        del self.macros[macro_id]
-        self.save_macros()
         return True
 
     def execute_macro(self, macro_id: str) -> bool:
-        """Execute a macro by ID."""
+        """Execute a macro by ID.
+
+        The macro's commands are copied under the lock, then executed *outside*
+        the lock so long-running wait/keyboard steps don't block other threads
+        (web server, GUI). last_used is updated in memory and only persisted at
+        most every LAST_USED_SAVE_INTERVAL seconds to avoid rewriting the whole
+        file on every press.
+        """
+        with self._lock:
             if macro_id not in self.macros:
                 return False
 
             macro = self.macros[macro_id]
+            commands = copy.deepcopy(macro.get("commands", []))
 
-        # Update last_used timestamp
+            # Update last_used in memory; debounce the disk write.
-        self.macros[macro_id]["last_used"] = time.time()
+            now = time.time()
-        self.save_macros()
+            macro["last_used"] = now
+            if now - self._last_used_save_time >= LAST_USED_SAVE_INTERVAL:
+                self._last_used_save_time = now
+                self._save_macros_locked()
 
         try:
-            commands = macro.get("commands", [])
             for cmd in commands:
                 self._execute_command(cmd)
             return True
@@ -271,6 +345,22 @@ class MacroManager:
             print(f"Error executing macro: {e}")
             return False
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _valid_keys(keys) -> list:
+        """Filter a list of key names to those pyautogui recognises."""
+        result = []
+        for k in keys:
+            if not isinstance(k, str):
+                continue
+            name = k.strip().lower()
+            if not name:
+                continue
+            if VALID_KEYS and name not in VALID_KEYS:
+                print(f"Skipping invalid key: {name!r}")
+                continue
+            result.append(name)
+        return result
+
     def _execute_command(self, cmd: dict):
         """Execute a single command from a sequence."""
         cmd_type = cmd.get("type", "")
@@ -293,28 +383,58 @@ class MacroManager:
                         pyautogui.typewrite(value, interval=0.02)
 
         elif cmd_type == "key":
-            # Press a single key
+            # Press a single key (validated against pyautogui's known keys)
             key = cmd.get("value", "")
-            if key:
+            valid = self._valid_keys([key]) if key else []
-                pyautogui.press(key)
+            if valid:
+                pyautogui.press(valid[0])
 
         elif cmd_type == "hotkey":
             # Press key combination
             keys = cmd.get("keys", [])
             if keys:
-                pyautogui.hotkey(*keys)
+                # Ensure keys is a list, not a string
+                if isinstance(keys, str):
+                    keys = [k.strip().lower() for k in keys.split(",")]
+                valid = self._valid_keys(keys)
+                # Only fire if every requested key was valid; a partial hotkey
+                # is worse than nothing.
+                if valid and len(valid) == len([k for k in keys if str(k).strip()]):
+                    # Small delay before hotkey for reliability on Windows
+                    time.sleep(0.05)
+                    pyautogui.hotkey(*valid, interval=0.05)
 
         elif cmd_type == "wait":
-            # Delay in milliseconds
+            # Delay in milliseconds (bounded, non-negative)
-            ms = cmd.get("ms", 0)
+            try:
+                ms = int(cmd.get("ms", 0))
+            except (TypeError, ValueError):
+                ms = 0
             if ms > 0:
+                ms = min(ms, MAX_WAIT_MS)
                 time.sleep(ms / 1000.0)
 
         elif cmd_type == "app":
-            # Launch application
+            # Launch application.
+            # SECURITY: never use shell=True — that would allow shell-metacharacter
+            # injection (; && | $() chaining, redirection). Both branches below run
+            # without a shell, so the command can only launch a program with args.
             command = cmd.get("command", "")
             if command:
-                subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True)
+                try:
+                    if os.name == "nt":
+                        # Windows: pass the string so CreateProcess parses it
+                        # (correctly handling quoted paths like "C:\Program
+                        # Files\app.exe"). shell=False means no cmd.exe, so no
+                        # metacharacter chaining.
+                        subprocess.Popen(command)
+                    else:
+                        # POSIX: split into an argv list; no shell involved.
+                        args = shlex.split(command)
+                        if args:
+                            subprocess.Popen(args)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    print(f"Error launching app command: {e}")
 
     # Legacy API compatibility methods
     def add_macro_legacy(
@@ -352,8 +472,11 @@ class MacroManager:
 
     def get_macro(self, macro_id: str) -> Optional[dict]:
         """Get a macro by ID."""
-        return self.macros.get(macro_id)
+        with self._lock:
+            macro = self.macros.get(macro_id)
+            return copy.deepcopy(macro) if macro is not None else None
 
     def get_all_macros(self) -> dict:
         """Get all macros."""
-        return self.macros.copy()
+        with self._lock:
+            return copy.deepcopy(self.macros)

macropad-relay/.env.example

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# MacroPad Relay Server Configuration
+# Copy this file to .env and adjust values as needed
+
+# Server
+PORT=3000
+HOST=0.0.0.0
+NODE_ENV=production
+
+# Security
+BCRYPT_ROUNDS=10
+
+# Session ID length (default: 12 characters)
+SESSION_ID_LENGTH=12
+
+# Minimum password length enforced on session creation
+MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH=6
+
+# Maximum number of concurrent sessions
+MAX_SESSIONS=1000
+
+# Prune sessions unused for this many days
+SESSION_TTL_DAYS=90
+
+# HTTP rate limiting (15 minute window, 300 requests per window)
+RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS=900000
+RATE_LIMIT_MAX=300
+
+# WebSocket upgrade rate limiting (per IP)
+WS_UPGRADE_WINDOW_MS=60000
+WS_UPGRADE_MAX=60
+
+# Auth brute-force protection
+AUTH_MAX_SOCKET_FAILURES=5
+AUTH_LOCKOUT_MAX_ATTEMPTS=10
+AUTH_LOCKOUT_WINDOW_MS=900000
+AUTH_LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS=900000
+
+# Allowed origins for CORS + WebSocket (comma-separated). Empty = same-host only.
+# ALLOWED_ORIGINS=https://macropad.example.com
+
+# Trust reverse proxy (number of hops, or true/false). Default: 1
+TRUST_PROXY=1
+
+# WebSocket timeouts (in milliseconds)
+PING_INTERVAL=30000
+REQUEST_TIMEOUT=30000
+
+# Logging (error, warn, info, debug)
+LOG_LEVEL=info
+
+# Data directory (default: ./data)
+# DATA_DIR=/path/to/data

macropad-relay/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Dependencies
+node_modules/
+
+# Build output
+dist/
+
+# Data
+data/sessions.json
+
+# Environment
+.env
+
+# Logs
+*.log
+error.log
+combined.log
+
+# IDE
+.idea/
+.vscode/
+*.swp
+*.swo
+
+# OS
+.DS_Store
+Thumbs.db

macropad-relay/DEPLOY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# MacroPad Relay Server - Deployment Guide
+
+## Cloud Node Container Deployment
+
+For AnHonestHost cloud-node-container deployment:
+
+### 1. Build Locally
+
+```bash
+cd /home/jknapp/code/macropad/macropad-relay
+npm install
+npm run build   # required: the build is no longer triggered automatically on install
+```
+
+> Note: the `postinstall` build hook was removed. Always run `npm run build`
+> explicitly (locally or in CI) after `npm install` to produce `dist/`.
+
+### 2. Prepare Deployment Package
+
+The build outputs to `dist/` with public files copied. Upload:
+
+```bash
+# Upload built files to your node container app directory
+rsync -avz --exclude 'node_modules' --exclude 'src' --exclude '.git' \
+  dist/ package.json public/ \
+  user@YOUR_SERVER:/path/to/app/
+```
+
+### 3. On Server
+
+The cloud-node-container will automatically:
+- Install dependencies from package.json
+- Start the app using PM2
+- Configure the process from package.json settings
+
+### 4. Create Data Directory
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p /path/to/app/data
+```
+
+## Directory Structure on Server
+
+```
+app/
+├── index.js          # Main entry (compiled)
+├── config.js
+├── server.js
+├── services/
+├── handlers/
+├── utils/
+├── public/
+│   ├── login.html
+│   └── app.html
+├── data/
+│   └── sessions.json  # Created automatically
+└── package.json
+```
+
+## Update After Code Changes
+
+```bash
+# On local machine:
+cd /home/jknapp/code/macropad/macropad-relay
+npm run build
+
+rsync -avz --exclude 'node_modules' --exclude 'src' --exclude '.git' --exclude 'data' \
+  dist/ package.json public/ \
+  user@YOUR_SERVER:/path/to/app/
+
+# On server - restart via your container's control panel or:
+pm2 restart macropad-relay
+```
+
+## Environment Variables
+
+Set these in your container configuration:
+
+- `PORT` - Server port (default: 3000)
+- `DATA_DIR` - Data storage path (default: ./data)
+- `NODE_ENV` - production or development
+- `LOG_LEVEL` - info, debug, error
+- `ALLOWED_ORIGINS` - Comma-separated list of allowed browser origins for the
+  WebSocket Origin check (e.g. `https://macropad.example.com`). **Set this to
+  your public origin(s) when running behind a reverse proxy** (see note below).
+
+> **Reverse proxy note (`ALLOWED_ORIGINS`):** When `ALLOWED_ORIGINS` is unset,
+> the WebSocket upgrade Origin check falls back to comparing the browser's
+> `Origin` host against the raw `Host` header seen by the app. Behind a reverse
+> proxy the internal `Host` (e.g. `localhost:3000`) often differs from the
+> public origin the browser sends (e.g. `https://macropad.example.com`), so
+> legitimate browser WebSocket upgrades get **rejected**. Set `ALLOWED_ORIGINS`
+> to your public origin(s) to fix this. (Forwarding the public host via
+> `proxy_set_header Host $host;`, as in the Nginx example below, also helps, but
+> setting `ALLOWED_ORIGINS` explicitly is the reliable fix.)
+
+## Test It Works
+
+```bash
+# Test health endpoint
+curl http://localhost:3000/health
+
+# Should return (counts only - no session ids are exposed):
+# {"status":"ok","desktops":0,"webClients":0,"uptime":1.23}
+```
+
+## Nginx/Reverse Proxy (for HTTPS)
+
+```nginx
+location / {
+    proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
+    proxy_http_version 1.1;
+    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
+    proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
+    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
+
+    # WebSocket timeout (24 hours)
+    proxy_read_timeout 86400;
+}
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+**Check logs:**
+```bash
+pm2 logs macropad-relay
+```
+
+**Check sessions:**
+```bash
+cat /path/to/app/data/sessions.json
+```
+
+**Port in use:**
+```bash
+lsof -i :3000
+```

macropad-relay/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+  "name": "macropad-relay",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "description": "Relay server for MacroPad remote access",
+  "main": "dist/index.js",
+  "scripts": {
+    "build": "tsc",
+    "start": "node dist/index.js",
+    "dev": "nodemon --exec ts-node src/index.ts",
+    "clean": "rm -rf dist"
+  },
+  "keywords": ["macropad", "relay", "websocket", "proxy"],
+  "author": "ShadowDao",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "bcrypt": "^5.1.1",
+    "cors": "^2.8.5",
+    "dotenv": "^16.3.1",
+    "express": "^4.18.2",
+    "express-rate-limit": "^7.1.5",
+    "helmet": "^7.1.0",
+    "typescript": "^5.3.2",
+    "winston": "^3.11.0",
+    "ws": "^8.14.2"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/bcrypt": "^5.0.2",
+    "@types/cors": "^2.8.16",
+    "@types/express": "^4.17.21",
+    "@types/ws": "^8.5.9",
+    "nodemon": "^3.0.2",
+    "ts-node": "^10.9.2"
+  }
+}

macropad-relay/public/app.html

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover">
+    <meta name="theme-color" content="#007acc">
+    <meta name="description" content="Remote macro control for your desktop">
+
+    <!-- PWA / iOS specific -->
+    <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
+    <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="MacroPad">
+
+    <title>MacroPad</title>
+
+    <!-- PWA manifest will be dynamically set -->
+    <link rel="manifest" id="manifest-link">
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/static/icons/favicon.png">
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="/static/icons/icon-192.png">
+    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/icons/icon-192.png">
+
+    <style>
+        :root {
+            --bg-color: #2e2e2e;
+            --fg-color: #ffffff;
+            --highlight-color: #3e3e3e;
+            --accent-color: #007acc;
+            --button-bg: #505050;
+            --button-hover: #606060;
+            --tab-bg: #404040;
+            --tab-selected: #007acc;
+            --danger-color: #dc3545;
+            --success-color: #28a745;
+        }
+
+        * { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
+
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            background-color: var(--bg-color);
+            color: var(--fg-color);
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            min-height: 100dvh;
+        }
+
+        .header {
+            background-color: var(--highlight-color);
+            padding: 1rem;
+            display: flex;
+            justify-content: space-between;
+            align-items: center;
+            position: sticky;
+            top: 0;
+            z-index: 100;
+        }
+
+        .header h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
+
+        .header-actions { display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; align-items: center; }
+
+        .connection-status {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            gap: 0.5rem;
+            font-size: 0.8rem;
+            color: #aaa;
+        }
+
+        .status-dot {
+            width: 8px;
+            height: 8px;
+            border-radius: 50%;
+            background: var(--danger-color);
+        }
+
+        .status-dot.connected { background: var(--success-color); }
+
+        .header-btn {
+            background: var(--button-bg);
+            color: white;
+            border: none;
+            padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+
+        .header-btn:hover { background: var(--button-hover); }
+
+        .header-btn.icon-btn {
+            padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
+            font-size: 1.2rem;
+        }
+
+        .wake-lock-status {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            transition: background 0.2s;
+        }
+
+        .wake-lock-status:hover { background: var(--button-bg); }
+        .wake-lock-status.active .wake-icon { color: var(--success-color); }
+        .wake-lock-status.unsupported { opacity: 0.3; cursor: default; }
+        .wake-lock-status.unsupported .wake-icon { color: #888; text-decoration: line-through; }
+
+        .wake-icon {
+            font-size: 1.2rem;
+            color: #888;
+            transition: color 0.2s;
+        }
+
+        .tabs {
+            display: flex;
+            gap: 0.25rem;
+            padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
+            overflow-x: auto;
+        }
+
+        .tab {
+            background: var(--tab-bg);
+            color: var(--fg-color);
+            border: none;
+            padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            white-space: nowrap;
+        }
+
+        .tab:hover { background: var(--button-hover); }
+        .tab.active { background: var(--tab-selected); }
+
+        .macro-grid {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(140px, 1fr));
+            gap: 1rem;
+            padding: 1rem;
+        }
+
+        .macro-card {
+            background: var(--button-bg);
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            padding: 1rem;
+            display: flex;
+            flex-direction: column;
+            align-items: center;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            transition: transform 0.1s, background 0.2s;
+            min-height: 120px;
+        }
+
+        .macro-card:hover { background: var(--button-hover); transform: translateY(-2px); }
+        .macro-card:active { transform: translateY(0); }
+
+        .macro-card.executing {
+            animation: pulse 0.3s ease-in-out;
+        }
+
+        @keyframes pulse {
+            0% { transform: scale(1); }
+            50% { transform: scale(0.95); background: var(--accent-color); }
+            100% { transform: scale(1); }
+        }
+
+        .macro-image {
+            width: 64px;
+            height: 64px;
+            object-fit: contain;
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+        }
+
+        .macro-image-placeholder {
+            width: 64px;
+            height: 64px;
+            background: var(--highlight-color);
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            font-size: 1.5rem;
+        }
+
+        .macro-name {
+            text-align: center;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            word-break: break-word;
+        }
+
+        .empty-state {
+            text-align: center;
+            padding: 3rem 1rem;
+            color: #888;
+            grid-column: 1 / -1;
+        }
+
+        .toast-container {
+            position: fixed;
+            bottom: 1rem;
+            right: 1rem;
+            z-index: 300;
+        }
+
+        .toast {
+            background: var(--highlight-color);
+            padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            margin-top: 0.5rem;
+            animation: slideIn 0.3s ease-out;
+        }
+
+        .toast.success { border-left: 4px solid var(--success-color); }
+        .toast.error { border-left: 4px solid var(--danger-color); }
+
+        @keyframes slideIn {
+            from { transform: translateX(100%); opacity: 0; }
+            to { transform: translateX(0); opacity: 1; }
+        }
+
+        .loading {
+            display: flex;
+            justify-content: center;
+            padding: 2rem;
+            grid-column: 1 / -1;
+        }
+
+        .spinner {
+            width: 40px;
+            height: 40px;
+            border: 3px solid var(--button-bg);
+            border-top-color: var(--accent-color);
+            border-radius: 50%;
+            animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
+        }
+
+        @keyframes spin { to { transform: rotate(360deg); } }
+
+        .offline-banner {
+            background: var(--danger-color);
+            color: white;
+            text-align: center;
+            padding: 0.5rem;
+            display: none;
+        }
+
+        .offline-banner.visible { display: block; }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="offline-banner" id="offline-banner">
+        Desktop is offline - waiting for reconnection...
+    </div>
+
+    <header class="header">
+        <h1>MacroPad</h1>
+        <div class="header-actions">
+            <div class="connection-status">
+                <div class="status-dot"></div>
+                <span>Connecting...</span>
+            </div>
+            <div class="wake-lock-status" id="wake-lock-status" title="Screen wake lock">
+                <span class="wake-icon">☀</span>
+            </div>
+            <button class="header-btn icon-btn" id="fullscreen-btn" title="Toggle fullscreen">⛶</button>
+            <button class="header-btn" id="refresh-btn">Refresh</button>
+        </div>
+    </header>
+
+    <nav class="tabs" id="tabs-container"></nav>
+
+    <main class="macro-grid" id="macro-grid">
+        <div class="loading"><div class="spinner"></div></div>
+    </main>
+
+    <div class="toast-container" id="toast-container"></div>
+
+    <script src="/static/app.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>

macropad-relay/public/app.js

@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+// MacroPad App for Relay Mode (externalized so the CSP can drop
+// 'unsafe-inline' for scripts). All macro/tab/id/name values are rendered
+// with safe DOM APIs (createElement/textContent) and never via innerHTML.
+class MacroPadApp {
+    constructor() {
+        this.macros = {};
+        this.tabs = [];
+        this.currentTab = 'All';
+        this.ws = null;
+        this.desktopConnected = false;
+        this.wsAuthenticated = false;
+
+        // Reconnect backoff. Reset only after a successful AUTH (not on
+        // socket open): a server that accepts the socket and then closes it
+        // would otherwise reset the backoff on every open and defeat it.
+        this.baseReconnectDelay = 3000;
+        this.maxReconnectDelay = 30000;
+        this.reconnectDelay = this.baseReconnectDelay;
+
+        // Get session ID from URL
+        const pathMatch = window.location.pathname.match(/^\/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/);
+        this.sessionId = pathMatch ? pathMatch[1] : null;
+
+        // Get password from storage (never from the URL).
+        this.password = sessionStorage.getItem(`macropad_${this.sessionId}`)
+            || localStorage.getItem(`macropad_${this.sessionId}`);
+
+        if (this.password) {
+            sessionStorage.setItem(`macropad_${this.sessionId}`, this.password);
+        }
+
+        this.init();
+    }
+
+    async init() {
+        this.wakeLock = null;
+        this.wakeLockEnabled = false;
+
+        this.setupPWA();
+        this.setupWebSocket();
+        this.setupEventListeners();
+        this.setupWakeLock();
+    }
+
+    getApiHeaders() {
+        return {
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'X-MacroPad-Password': this.password || ''
+        };
+    }
+
+    async loadTabs() {
+        try {
+            const response = await fetch(`/${this.sessionId}/api/tabs`, {
+                headers: this.getApiHeaders()
+            });
+            if (response.status === 401) return this.handleAuthError();
+            if (response.status === 503) return this.handleDesktopOffline();
+            const data = await response.json();
+            this.tabs = data.tabs || [];
+            this.renderTabs();
+        } catch (error) {
+            console.error('Error loading tabs:', error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async loadMacros() {
+        try {
+            const path = this.currentTab === 'All' ? '/api/macros' : `/api/macros/${encodeURIComponent(this.currentTab)}`;
+            const response = await fetch(`/${this.sessionId}${path}`, {
+                headers: this.getApiHeaders()
+            });
+            if (response.status === 401) return this.handleAuthError();
+            if (response.status === 503) return this.handleDesktopOffline();
+            const data = await response.json();
+            this.macros = data.macros || {};
+            this.renderMacros();
+        } catch (error) {
+            console.error('Error loading macros:', error);
+        }
+    }
+
+    async executeMacro(macroId) {
+        const card = document.querySelector(`[data-macro-id="${macroId}"]`);
+        if (card) card.classList.add('executing');
+
+        try {
+            const response = await fetch(`/${this.sessionId}/api/execute`, {
+                method: 'POST',
+                headers: this.getApiHeaders(),
+                body: JSON.stringify({ macro_id: macroId })
+            });
+            if (!response.ok) throw new Error('Failed');
+        } catch (error) {
+            this.showToast('Execution failed', 'error');
+        }
+
+        setTimeout(() => card?.classList.remove('executing'), 300);
+    }
+
+    handleAuthError() {
+        sessionStorage.removeItem(`macropad_${this.sessionId}`);
+        localStorage.removeItem(`macropad_${this.sessionId}`);
+        window.location.href = `/${this.sessionId}`;
+    }
+
+    handleDesktopOffline() {
+        this.desktopConnected = false;
+        this.updateConnectionStatus(false);
+        document.getElementById('offline-banner').classList.add('visible');
+    }
+
+    setupWebSocket() {
+        const protocol = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
+        const wsUrl = `${protocol}//${window.location.host}/${this.sessionId}/ws`;
+
+        this.ws = new WebSocket(wsUrl);
+
+        this.ws.onmessage = (event) => {
+            const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
+            this.handleMessage(data);
+        };
+
+        this.ws.onclose = () => {
+            this.wsAuthenticated = false;
+            this.updateConnectionStatus(false);
+            // Reconnect using the current backoff, then grow it (capped) for
+            // the next attempt. The backoff is only reset on a successful
+            // auth response, so accept-then-close cycles keep backing off.
+            const delay = this.reconnectDelay;
+            this.reconnectDelay = Math.min(this.reconnectDelay * 2, this.maxReconnectDelay);
+            setTimeout(() => this.setupWebSocket(), delay);
+        };
+
+        this.ws.onerror = () => this.updateConnectionStatus(false);
+    }
+
+    handleMessage(data) {
+        switch (data.type) {
+            case 'auth_required':
+                if (this.password) {
+                    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'auth', password: this.password }));
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'auth_response':
+                if (data.success) {
+                    this.wsAuthenticated = true;
+                    // Reset the reconnect backoff only after a confirmed,
+                    // successful auth (not merely on socket open).
+                    this.reconnectDelay = this.baseReconnectDelay;
+                    this.updateConnectionStatus(this.desktopConnected);
+                } else {
+                    this.handleAuthError();
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'desktop_status':
+                this.desktopConnected = data.status === 'connected';
+                this.updateConnectionStatus(this.desktopConnected);
+                document.getElementById('offline-banner').classList.toggle('visible', !this.desktopConnected);
+                if (this.desktopConnected) {
+                    this.loadTabs();
+                    this.loadMacros();
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'macro_created':
+            case 'macro_updated':
+            case 'macro_deleted':
+                this.loadTabs();
+                this.loadMacros();
+                break;
+            case 'executed': {
+                const card = document.querySelector(`[data-macro-id="${data.macro_id}"]`);
+                if (card) {
+                    card.classList.add('executing');
+                    setTimeout(() => card.classList.remove('executing'), 300);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    updateConnectionStatus(connected) {
+        const dot = document.querySelector('.status-dot');
+        const text = document.querySelector('.connection-status span');
+        if (dot) dot.classList.toggle('connected', connected);
+        if (text) text.textContent = connected ? 'Connected' : 'Disconnected';
+    }
+
+    renderTabs() {
+        const container = document.getElementById('tabs-container');
+        container.replaceChildren();
+        for (const tab of this.tabs) {
+            const name = typeof tab === 'string' ? tab : String(tab);
+            const btn = document.createElement('button');
+            btn.className = name === this.currentTab ? 'tab active' : 'tab';
+            btn.setAttribute('data-tab', name);
+            btn.textContent = name;
+            container.appendChild(btn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    renderMacros() {
+        const container = document.getElementById('macro-grid');
+        const entries = Object.entries(this.macros);
+
+        container.replaceChildren();
+
+        if (entries.length === 0) {
+            const empty = document.createElement('div');
+            empty.className = 'empty-state';
+            const p = document.createElement('p');
+            p.textContent = 'No macros found';
+            empty.appendChild(p);
+            container.appendChild(empty);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (const [id, macro] of entries) {
+            const name = macro && typeof macro.name === 'string' ? macro.name : '';
+            const hasImage = !!(macro && macro.image_path);
+            const firstChar = name.charAt(0).toUpperCase();
+
+            const card = document.createElement('div');
+            card.className = 'macro-card';
+            card.setAttribute('data-macro-id', id);
+            card.addEventListener('click', () => this.executeMacro(id));
+
+            if (hasImage) {
+                const img = document.createElement('img');
+                img.className = 'macro-image';
+                img.style.display = 'none';
+                card.appendChild(img);
+            }
+
+            const placeholder = document.createElement('div');
+            placeholder.className = 'macro-image-placeholder';
+            placeholder.textContent = firstChar;
+            card.appendChild(placeholder);
+
+            const nameSpan = document.createElement('span');
+            nameSpan.className = 'macro-name';
+            nameSpan.textContent = name;
+            card.appendChild(nameSpan);
+
+            container.appendChild(card);
+        }
+
+        // Load macro images via authenticated fetch (header, not URL).
+        this.loadMacroImages();
+    }
+
+    // Fetch each macro image with the password header and display it
+    // as a blob object URL so the credential never appears in a URL.
+    async loadMacroImages() {
+        for (const [id, macro] of Object.entries(this.macros)) {
+            if (!macro.image_path) continue;
+            const card = document.querySelector(`[data-macro-id="${id}"]`);
+            if (!card) continue;
+            const img = card.querySelector('.macro-image');
+            if (!img) continue;
+
+            try {
+                const response = await fetch(
+                    `/${this.sessionId}/api/image/${macro.image_path}`,
+                    { headers: this.getApiHeaders() }
+                );
+                if (!response.ok) continue; // keep placeholder
+                const blob = await response.blob();
+                const objectUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+                img.onload = () => URL.revokeObjectURL(objectUrl);
+                img.src = objectUrl;
+                img.style.display = '';
+                const placeholder = img.nextElementSibling;
+                if (placeholder) placeholder.style.display = 'none';
+            } catch (error) {
+                // Leave the placeholder visible on failure.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    setupEventListeners() {
+        document.getElementById('tabs-container').addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+            if (e.target.classList.contains('tab')) {
+                this.currentTab = e.target.dataset.tab;
+                this.renderTabs();
+                this.loadMacros();
+            }
+        });
+
+        const fullscreenBtn = document.getElementById('fullscreen-btn');
+        if (fullscreenBtn) fullscreenBtn.addEventListener('click', () => this.toggleFullscreen());
+
+        const refreshBtn = document.getElementById('refresh-btn');
+        if (refreshBtn) refreshBtn.addEventListener('click', () => this.refresh());
+    }
+
+    showToast(message, type = 'info') {
+        const container = document.getElementById('toast-container');
+        const toast = document.createElement('div');
+        toast.className = `toast ${type}`;
+        toast.textContent = message;
+        container.appendChild(toast);
+        setTimeout(() => toast.remove(), 3000);
+    }
+
+    refresh() {
+        this.loadTabs();
+        this.loadMacros();
+    }
+
+    // Fullscreen
+    toggleFullscreen() {
+        if (!document.fullscreenElement) {
+            document.documentElement.requestFullscreen().catch(err => {
+                console.log('Fullscreen error:', err);
+            });
+        } else {
+            document.exitFullscreen();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Wake Lock
+    async setupWakeLock() {
+        const status = document.getElementById('wake-lock-status');
+
+        if (!('wakeLock' in navigator)) {
+            console.log('Wake Lock API not supported');
+            if (status) {
+                status.classList.add('unsupported');
+                status.title = 'Wake lock not available (requires HTTPS)';
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (status) {
+            status.style.cursor = 'pointer';
+            status.addEventListener('click', () => this.toggleWakeLock());
+        }
+
+        await this.requestWakeLock();
+
+        document.addEventListener('visibilitychange', async () => {
+            if (document.visibilityState === 'visible' && this.wakeLockEnabled) {
+                await this.requestWakeLock();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    async toggleWakeLock() {
+        if (this.wakeLock) {
+            await this.wakeLock.release();
+            this.wakeLock = null;
+            this.wakeLockEnabled = false;
+            this.updateWakeLockStatus(false);
+            this.showToast('Screen can now sleep', 'info');
+        } else {
+            this.wakeLockEnabled = true;
+            await this.requestWakeLock();
+            if (this.wakeLock) {
+                this.showToast('Screen will stay awake', 'success');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    async requestWakeLock() {
+        try {
+            this.wakeLock = await navigator.wakeLock.request('screen');
+            this.wakeLockEnabled = true;
+            this.updateWakeLockStatus(true);
+
+            this.wakeLock.addEventListener('release', () => {
+                this.updateWakeLockStatus(false);
+            });
+        } catch (err) {
+            console.log('Wake Lock error:', err);
+            this.updateWakeLockStatus(false);
+            const status = document.getElementById('wake-lock-status');
+            if (status && !status.classList.contains('unsupported')) {
+                status.title = 'Wake lock failed: ' + err.message;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    updateWakeLockStatus(active) {
+        const status = document.getElementById('wake-lock-status');
+        if (status) {
+            status.classList.toggle('active', active);
+            if (!status.classList.contains('unsupported')) {
+                status.title = active ? 'Screen will stay on (click to toggle)' : 'Screen may sleep (click to enable)';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // PWA manifest setup
+    setupPWA() {
+        // Create dynamic manifest for this session
+        const manifest = {
+            name: 'MacroPad',
+            short_name: 'MacroPad',
+            description: 'Remote macro control',
+            start_url: `/${this.sessionId}/app`,
+            display: 'standalone',
+            background_color: '#2e2e2e',
+            theme_color: '#007acc',
+            icons: [
+                { src: '/static/icons/icon-192.png', sizes: '192x192', type: 'image/png' },
+                { src: '/static/icons/icon-512.png', sizes: '512x512', type: 'image/png' }
+            ]
+        };
+
+        const blob = new Blob([JSON.stringify(manifest)], { type: 'application/json' });
+        const manifestUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+        document.getElementById('manifest-link').setAttribute('href', manifestUrl);
+    }
+}
+
+let app;
+document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
+    app = new MacroPadApp();
+});

macropad-relay/public/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>MacroPad Relay</title>
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/static/icons/favicon.png">
+    <style>
+        * {
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: 0;
+            box-sizing: border-box;
+        }
+
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1a1a2e 0%, #16213e 100%);
+            color: #e0e0e0;
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            display: flex;
+            flex-direction: column;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            padding: 20px;
+        }
+
+        .container {
+            max-width: 600px;
+            text-align: center;
+        }
+
+        .logo {
+            font-size: 64px;
+            margin-bottom: 20px;
+        }
+
+        h1 {
+            font-size: 2.5rem;
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+            color: #fff;
+        }
+
+        .tagline {
+            font-size: 1.2rem;
+            color: #888;
+            margin-bottom: 40px;
+        }
+
+        .card {
+            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
+            border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
+            border-radius: 12px;
+            padding: 30px;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+
+        .card h2 {
+            font-size: 1.3rem;
+            margin-bottom: 15px;
+            color: #4a9eff;
+        }
+
+        .card p {
+            line-height: 1.6;
+            color: #b0b0b0;
+        }
+
+        .features {
+            display: grid;
+            gap: 20px;
+            text-align: left;
+        }
+
+        .feature {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: flex-start;
+            gap: 15px;
+        }
+
+        .feature-icon {
+            font-size: 24px;
+            flex-shrink: 0;
+        }
+
+        .feature-text h3 {
+            font-size: 1rem;
+            margin-bottom: 5px;
+            color: #fff;
+        }
+
+        .feature-text p {
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            color: #888;
+        }
+
+        .cta {
+            margin-top: 30px;
+        }
+
+        .cta a {
+            display: inline-block;
+            background: #4a9eff;
+            color: #fff;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            padding: 12px 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            font-weight: 500;
+            transition: background 0.2s;
+        }
+
+        .cta a:hover {
+            background: #3a8eef;
+        }
+
+        .footer {
+            margin-top: 40px;
+            font-size: 0.85rem;
+            color: #666;
+        }
+
+        .footer a {
+            color: #4a9eff;
+            text-decoration: none;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <div class="logo">&#9000;</div>
+        <h1>MacroPad Relay</h1>
+        <p class="tagline">Secure remote access to your MacroPad</p>
+
+        <div class="card">
+            <h2>What is this?</h2>
+            <p>
+                MacroPad Relay enables secure remote access to your MacroPad desktop application
+                from anywhere. Control your macros from your phone or tablet over HTTPS,
+                even when you're away from your local network.
+            </p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="card features">
+            <div class="feature">
+                <span class="feature-icon">&#128274;</span>
+                <div class="feature-text">
+                    <h3>Secure Connection</h3>
+                    <p>Password-protected sessions with encrypted WebSocket communication.</p>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="feature">
+                <span class="feature-icon">&#127760;</span>
+                <div class="feature-text">
+                    <h3>Access Anywhere</h3>
+                    <p>Use your macros from any device with a web browser.</p>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="feature">
+                <span class="feature-icon">&#9889;</span>
+                <div class="feature-text">
+                    <h3>Real-time Sync</h3>
+                    <p>Changes sync instantly between your desktop and mobile devices.</p>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="cta">
+            <a href="https://repo.anhonesthost.net/MacroPad/MP-Server" target="_blank">Learn More</a>
+        </div>
+
+        <p class="footer">
+            Part of the <a href="https://repo.anhonesthost.net/MacroPad/MP-Server" target="_blank">MacroPad</a> project
+        </p>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>

macropad-relay/public/login.html

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>MacroPad - Login</title>
+    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/static/icons/favicon.png">
+    <style>
+        * {
+            box-sizing: border-box;
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: 0;
+        }
+
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
+            background-color: #2e2e2e;
+            color: #ffffff;
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            padding: 1rem;
+        }
+
+        .login-container {
+            background-color: #3e3e3e;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            padding: 2rem;
+            width: 100%;
+            max-width: 400px;
+            box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
+        }
+
+        h1 {
+            text-align: center;
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            color: #007acc;
+        }
+
+        .subtitle {
+            text-align: center;
+            color: #aaa;
+            margin-bottom: 2rem;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+        }
+
+        .form-group {
+            margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
+        }
+
+        label {
+            display: block;
+            margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+            color: #ccc;
+        }
+
+        input[type="password"] {
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            background-color: #2e2e2e;
+            border: 1px solid #505050;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            color: #fff;
+            font-size: 1rem;
+        }
+
+        input[type="password"]:focus {
+            outline: none;
+            border-color: #007acc;
+        }
+
+        button {
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            background-color: #007acc;
+            color: white;
+            border: none;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            font-size: 1rem;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            transition: background-color 0.2s;
+        }
+
+        button:hover {
+            background-color: #0096ff;
+        }
+
+        button:disabled {
+            background-color: #505050;
+            cursor: not-allowed;
+        }
+
+        .error {
+            background-color: rgba(220, 53, 69, 0.2);
+            border: 1px solid #dc3545;
+            color: #dc3545;
+            padding: 0.75rem;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            margin-bottom: 1rem;
+            display: none;
+        }
+
+        .status {
+            text-align: center;
+            margin-top: 1rem;
+            color: #aaa;
+            font-size: 0.85rem;
+        }
+
+        .status.connected {
+            color: #28a745;
+        }
+
+        .status.disconnected {
+            color: #dc3545;
+        }
+
+        .checkbox-group {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            gap: 0.5rem;
+            margin-top: 1rem;
+        }
+
+        .checkbox-group input {
+            width: auto;
+        }
+
+        .checkbox-group label {
+            margin: 0;
+            color: #aaa;
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="login-container">
+        <h1>MacroPad</h1>
+        <p class="subtitle">Enter password to access your macros</p>
+
+        <div class="error" id="error"></div>
+
+        <form id="loginForm">
+            <div class="form-group">
+                <label for="password">Password</label>
+                <input type="password" id="password" placeholder="Enter your password" required autofocus>
+            </div>
+
+            <div class="checkbox-group">
+                <input type="checkbox" id="remember">
+                <label for="remember">Remember on this device</label>
+            </div>
+
+            <button type="submit" id="submitBtn">Connect</button>
+        </form>
+
+        <p class="status" id="status">Checking connection...</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <script src="/static/login.js"></script>
+</body>
+</html>

macropad-relay/public/login.js

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// MacroPad login page logic (externalized so the CSP can drop 'unsafe-inline'
+// for scripts).
+const sessionId = window.location.pathname.split('/')[1];
+const form = document.getElementById('loginForm');
+const passwordInput = document.getElementById('password');
+const rememberCheckbox = document.getElementById('remember');
+const submitBtn = document.getElementById('submitBtn');
+const errorDiv = document.getElementById('error');
+const statusDiv = document.getElementById('status');
+
+let desktopConnected = false;
+
+// Check for saved password (session first, then "remembered" store)
+const savedPassword = sessionStorage.getItem(`macropad_${sessionId}`)
+    || localStorage.getItem(`macropad_${sessionId}`);
+if (savedPassword) {
+    passwordInput.value = savedPassword;
+}
+
+// Connect to WebSocket to check desktop status
+function checkStatus() {
+    const protocol = window.location.protocol === 'https:' ? 'wss:' : 'ws:';
+    const ws = new WebSocket(`${protocol}//${window.location.host}/${sessionId}/ws`);
+
+    ws.onmessage = (event) => {
+        const data = JSON.parse(event.data);
+        if (data.type === 'desktop_status') {
+            desktopConnected = data.status === 'connected';
+            updateStatus();
+        }
+    };
+
+    ws.onerror = () => {
+        statusDiv.textContent = 'Connection error';
+        statusDiv.className = 'status disconnected';
+    };
+
+    ws.onclose = () => {
+        setTimeout(checkStatus, 5000);
+    };
+}
+
+function updateStatus() {
+    if (desktopConnected) {
+        statusDiv.textContent = 'Desktop connected';
+        statusDiv.className = 'status connected';
+        submitBtn.disabled = false;
+    } else {
+        statusDiv.textContent = 'Desktop not connected';
+        statusDiv.className = 'status disconnected';
+        submitBtn.disabled = true;
+    }
+}
+
+form.addEventListener('submit', async (e) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    errorDiv.style.display = 'none';
+
+    const password = passwordInput.value;
+
+    try {
+        // Test password with a simple API call
+        const response = await fetch(`/${sessionId}/api/tabs`, {
+            headers: {
+                'X-MacroPad-Password': password
+            }
+        });
+
+        if (response.ok) {
+            // Hand the credential to the app via storage (never the URL).
+            sessionStorage.setItem(`macropad_${sessionId}`, password);
+            if (rememberCheckbox.checked) {
+                localStorage.setItem(`macropad_${sessionId}`, password);
+            } else {
+                localStorage.removeItem(`macropad_${sessionId}`);
+            }
+
+            // Redirect to the PWA (credential is read from storage).
+            window.location.href = `/${sessionId}/app`;
+        } else {
+            const data = await response.json();
+            errorDiv.textContent = data.error || 'Invalid password';
+            errorDiv.style.display = 'block';
+        }
+    } catch (error) {
+        errorDiv.textContent = 'Connection failed';
+        errorDiv.style.display = 'block';
+    }
+});
+
+checkStatus();

macropad-relay/src/config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Configuration for MacroPad Relay Server
+
+import dotenv from 'dotenv';
+import path from 'path';
+
+dotenv.config();
+
+function parseTrustProxy(): boolean | number | string {
+  const v = process.env.TRUST_PROXY ?? '1';
+  if (v === 'false') return false;
+  if (v === 'true') return true;
+  const n = Number(v);
+  return Number.isNaN(n) ? v : n;
+}
+
+export const config = {
+  port: parseInt(process.env.PORT || '3000', 10),
+  host: process.env.HOST || '0.0.0.0',
+
+  // Data storage
+  dataDir: process.env.DATA_DIR || path.join(__dirname, '..', 'data'),
+
+  // Session settings
+  sessionIdLength: parseInt(process.env.SESSION_ID_LENGTH || '12', 10),
+
+  // Maximum number of sessions that may exist at once
+  maxSessions: parseInt(process.env.MAX_SESSIONS || '1000', 10),
+
+  // Minimum password length enforced when creating a new session
+  minPasswordLength: parseInt(process.env.MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH || '6', 10),
+
+  // Sessions unused for this many days are pruned
+  sessionTtlDays: parseInt(process.env.SESSION_TTL_DAYS || '90', 10),
+
+  // Security
+  bcryptRounds: parseInt(process.env.BCRYPT_ROUNDS || '10', 10),
+
+  // Rate limiting (HTTP)
+  rateLimitWindowMs: parseInt(process.env.RATE_LIMIT_WINDOW_MS || '900000', 10), // 15 minutes
+  rateLimitMax: parseInt(process.env.RATE_LIMIT_MAX || '300', 10),
+
+  // WebSocket upgrade rate limiting (per IP)
+  wsUpgradeWindowMs: parseInt(process.env.WS_UPGRADE_WINDOW_MS || '60000', 10), // 1 minute
+  wsUpgradeMax: parseInt(process.env.WS_UPGRADE_MAX || '60', 10), // max upgrades per IP per window
+
+  // Auth brute-force protection
+  authMaxSocketFailures: parseInt(process.env.AUTH_MAX_SOCKET_FAILURES || '5', 10),
+  authLockoutMaxAttempts: parseInt(process.env.AUTH_LOCKOUT_MAX_ATTEMPTS || '10', 10),
+  authLockoutWindowMs: parseInt(process.env.AUTH_LOCKOUT_WINDOW_MS || '900000', 10), // 15 minutes
+  authLockoutDurationMs: parseInt(process.env.AUTH_LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS || '900000', 10), // 15 minutes
+
+  // WebSocket
+  pingInterval: parseInt(process.env.PING_INTERVAL || '30000', 10), // 30 seconds
+  requestTimeout: parseInt(process.env.REQUEST_TIMEOUT || '30000', 10), // 30 seconds
+
+  // Origin / CORS allowlist (comma-separated). Empty = same-host only.
+  allowedOrigins: (process.env.ALLOWED_ORIGINS || '')
+    .split(',')
+    .map((o) => o.trim())
+    .filter((o) => o.length > 0),
+
+  // Trust the X-Forwarded-* headers from a reverse proxy
+  trustProxy: parseTrustProxy(),
+
+  // Logging
+  logLevel: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'info',
+
+  // Environment
+  nodeEnv: process.env.NODE_ENV || 'development',
+  isDevelopment: process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production',
+};

macropad-relay/src/handlers/apiProxy.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+// API Proxy Handler - proxies REST requests to desktop apps
+
+import { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
+import { ConnectionManager } from '../services/ConnectionManager';
+import { SessionManager } from '../services/SessionManager';
+import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
+
+export function createApiProxy(
+  connectionManager: ConnectionManager,
+  sessionManager: SessionManager
+) {
+  return async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+    const sessionId = req.params.sessionId;
+
+    // Credentials must be supplied via the header (never the URL/query,
+    // which leaks into logs, history and referrers).
+    const password = req.headers['x-macropad-password'] as string;
+
+    // Uniform auth failure. A missing session, a missing password, and a
+    // wrong password all return the SAME status + generic message so a
+    // caller cannot infer whether a given session id exists (no
+    // enumeration oracle). validatePassword() safely returns false for an
+    // unknown session id.
+    if (!password || !(await sessionManager.validatePassword(sessionId, password))) {
+      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Authentication failed' });
+    }
+
+    // Only AFTER successful auth do we reveal desktop connectivity, so the
+    // 503 "not connected" signal cannot itself be used to probe which
+    // session ids exist.
+    const desktop = connectionManager.getDesktopBySessionId(sessionId);
+    if (!desktop) {
+      return res.status(503).json({ error: 'Desktop not connected' });
+    }
+
+    // Extract the API path (remove the session ID prefix)
+    const apiPath = req.path.replace(`/${sessionId}`, '');
+
+    try {
+      const response = await connectionManager.forwardApiRequest(
+        sessionId,
+        req.method,
+        apiPath,
+        req.body,
+        filterHeaders(req.headers)
+      );
+
+      // Handle binary responses (images)
+      if (response.body?.base64 && response.body?.contentType) {
+        const buffer = Buffer.from(response.body.base64, 'base64');
+        res.set('Content-Type', response.body.contentType);
+        res.send(buffer);
+      } else {
+        res.status(response.status).json(response.body);
+      }
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      logger.error(`API proxy error for ${sessionId}:`, error);
+
+      if (error.message === 'Request timeout') {
+        return res.status(504).json({ error: 'Desktop request timeout' });
+      }
+
+      if (error.message === 'Desktop not connected' || error.message === 'Desktop disconnected') {
+        return res.status(503).json({ error: 'Desktop not connected' });
+      }
+
+      res.status(500).json({ error: 'Proxy error' });
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function filterHeaders(headers: any): Record<string, string> {
+  // Only forward relevant headers
+  const allowed = ['content-type', 'accept', 'accept-language'];
+  const filtered: Record<string, string> = {};
+
+  for (const key of allowed) {
+    if (headers[key]) {
+      filtered[key] = headers[key];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return filtered;
+}

macropad-relay/src/handlers/desktopHandler.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Desktop WebSocket Handler
+
+import WebSocket from 'ws';
+import { ConnectionManager } from '../services/ConnectionManager';
+import { SessionManager } from '../services/SessionManager';
+import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
+import { config } from '../config';
+import { getLockoutRemaining, recordFailure, recordSuccess } from '../utils/authThrottle';
+
+// Close code 1008 = policy violation (used for auth abuse).
+const WS_POLICY_VIOLATION = 1008;
+
+interface AuthMessage {
+  type: 'auth';
+  sessionId: string | null;
+  password: string;
+}
+
+interface ApiResponseMessage {
+  type: 'api_response';
+  requestId: string;
+  status: number;
+  body: any;
+}
+
+interface WsBroadcastMessage {
+  type: 'ws_broadcast';
+  data: any;
+}
+
+interface PongMessage {
+  type: 'pong';
+}
+
+type DesktopMessage = AuthMessage | ApiResponseMessage | WsBroadcastMessage | PongMessage;
+
+export function handleDesktopConnection(
+  socket: WebSocket,
+  connectionManager: ConnectionManager,
+  sessionManager: SessionManager,
+  clientIp: string
+): void {
+  let authenticatedSessionId: string | null = null;
+  // Track failed auth attempts on this individual socket.
+  let socketAuthFailures = 0;
+
+  socket.on('message', async (data) => {
+    try {
+      const message: DesktopMessage = JSON.parse(data.toString());
+
+      switch (message.type) {
+        case 'auth': {
+          const failed = await handleAuth(socket, message, sessionManager, connectionManager, clientIp, (sessionId) => {
+            authenticatedSessionId = sessionId;
+          });
+          if (failed) {
+            socketAuthFailures++;
+            if (socketAuthFailures >= config.authMaxSocketFailures) {
+              logger.warn('Desktop exceeded auth attempts, closing socket');
+              socket.close(WS_POLICY_VIOLATION, 'Too many failed attempts');
+            }
+          } else {
+            socketAuthFailures = 0;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 'api_response':
+          if (authenticatedSessionId) {
+            handleApiResponse(message, authenticatedSessionId, connectionManager);
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 'ws_broadcast':
+          if (authenticatedSessionId) {
+            handleWsBroadcast(message, authenticatedSessionId, connectionManager);
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 'pong':
+          if (authenticatedSessionId) {
+            connectionManager.updateDesktopPing(authenticatedSessionId);
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          logger.warn('Unknown message type from desktop:', (message as any).type);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('Error handling desktop message:', error);
+    }
+  });
+
+  socket.on('close', () => {
+    if (authenticatedSessionId) {
+      connectionManager.disconnectDesktop(authenticatedSessionId);
+    }
+  });
+
+  socket.on('error', (error) => {
+    logger.error('Desktop WebSocket error:', error);
+    if (authenticatedSessionId) {
+      connectionManager.disconnectDesktop(authenticatedSessionId);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+// Returns true if the auth attempt failed (so the caller can count it).
+async function handleAuth(
+  socket: WebSocket,
+  message: AuthMessage,
+  sessionManager: SessionManager,
+  connectionManager: ConnectionManager,
+  clientIp: string,
+  setSessionId: (id: string) => void
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  try {
+    let sessionId = message.sessionId;
+    let session;
+
+    if (sessionId) {
+      // Namespace the brute-force lockout key to the desktop keyspace and
+      // include the client IP. This keeps the desktop's lockout state entirely
+      // separate from the web-client keyspace, so a web-auth flood can never
+      // lock the desktop out of (re)authenticating.
+      const throttleKey = `desktop:${sessionId}:${clientIp}`;
+
+      // Reject early if this key is currently locked out.
+      const lockRemaining = getLockoutRemaining(throttleKey);
+      if (lockRemaining > 0) {
+        socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+          type: 'auth_response',
+          success: false,
+          error: 'Too many failed attempts, try again later',
+          retryAfterMs: lockRemaining
+        }));
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // Validate existing session
+      const valid = await sessionManager.validatePassword(sessionId, message.password);
+      if (!valid) {
+        recordFailure(throttleKey);
+        socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+          type: 'auth_response',
+          success: false,
+          error: 'Invalid session ID or password'
+        }));
+        return true;
+      }
+      recordSuccess(throttleKey);
+      session = sessionManager.getSession(sessionId);
+    } else {
+      // Create new session (may throw on limit / short password)
+      session = await sessionManager.createSession(message.password);
+      sessionId = session.id;
+    }
+
+    if (!session || !sessionId) {
+      socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+        type: 'auth_response',
+        success: false,
+        error: 'Failed to create session'
+      }));
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Add to connection manager
+    connectionManager.addDesktopConnection(sessionId, socket);
+    setSessionId(sessionId);
+
+    // Send success response
+    socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'auth_response',
+      success: true,
+      sessionId: sessionId
+    }));
+
+    logger.info(`Desktop authenticated: ${sessionId}`);
+    return false;
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    logger.error('Desktop auth error:', error);
+    socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'auth_response',
+      success: false,
+      error: error?.message || 'Authentication failed'
+    }));
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+function handleApiResponse(
+  message: ApiResponseMessage,
+  sessionId: string,
+  connectionManager: ConnectionManager
+): void {
+  connectionManager.handleApiResponse(sessionId, message.requestId, message.status, message.body);
+}
+
+function handleWsBroadcast(
+  message: WsBroadcastMessage,
+  sessionId: string,
+  connectionManager: ConnectionManager
+): void {
+  // Forward the broadcast to all web clients for this session
+  connectionManager.broadcastToWebClients(sessionId, message.data);
+}

macropad-relay/src/handlers/webClientHandler.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Web Client WebSocket Handler
+
+import WebSocket from 'ws';
+import { ConnectionManager, WebClientConnection } from '../services/ConnectionManager';
+import { SessionManager } from '../services/SessionManager';
+import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
+import { config } from '../config';
+import { getLockoutRemaining, recordFailure, recordSuccess } from '../utils/authThrottle';
+
+// Close code 1008 = policy violation (used for auth abuse).
+const WS_POLICY_VIOLATION = 1008;
+
+interface AuthMessage {
+  type: 'auth';
+  password: string;
+}
+
+interface PingMessage {
+  type: 'ping';
+}
+
+type WebClientMessage = AuthMessage | PingMessage | any;
+
+export function handleWebClientConnection(
+  socket: WebSocket,
+  sessionId: string,
+  connectionManager: ConnectionManager,
+  sessionManager: SessionManager,
+  clientIp: string
+): void {
+  // Namespace the brute-force lockout key to the web keyspace and include the
+  // client IP. This prevents one abusive IP (which knows the shareable session
+  // id) from locking out other web clients or the desktop for this session.
+  const throttleKey = `web:${sessionId}:${clientIp}`;
+
+  // Do NOT reveal whether the session exists. A non-existent session id and
+  // an existing one must be indistinguishable to an unauthenticated client so
+  // session ids cannot be enumerated: we always run the same handshake and let
+  // the (uniform) auth response be the only signal. validatePassword() safely
+  // returns false for an unknown session id, and desktop connectivity is only
+  // disclosed AFTER a successful auth (see the 'auth' case below).
+  const client = connectionManager.addWebClient(sessionId, socket, false);
+
+  // Track failed auth attempts on this individual socket.
+  let socketAuthFailures = 0;
+
+  // Request authentication.
+  socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+    type: 'auth_required'
+  }));
+
+  socket.on('message', async (data) => {
+    try {
+      const message: WebClientMessage = JSON.parse(data.toString());
+
+      switch (message.type) {
+        case 'auth': {
+          const failed = await handleAuth(socket, client, message, sessionId, sessionManager, throttleKey);
+          if (failed) {
+            socketAuthFailures++;
+            if (socketAuthFailures >= config.authMaxSocketFailures) {
+              logger.warn(`Web client exceeded auth attempts for session ${sessionId}, closing socket`);
+              socket.close(WS_POLICY_VIOLATION, 'Too many failed attempts');
+            }
+          } else {
+            socketAuthFailures = 0;
+            // Authenticated: only now do we disclose desktop connectivity.
+            const desktop = connectionManager.getDesktopBySessionId(sessionId);
+            socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+              type: 'desktop_status',
+              status: desktop ? 'connected' : 'disconnected'
+            }));
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+
+        case 'ping':
+          socket.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'pong' }));
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          // Forward other messages to desktop if authenticated
+          if (client.authenticated) {
+            forwardToDesktop(message, sessionId, connectionManager);
+          }
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('Error handling web client message:', error);
+    }
+  });
+
+  socket.on('close', () => {
+    connectionManager.removeWebClient(sessionId, client);
+  });
+
+  socket.on('error', (error) => {
+    logger.error('Web client WebSocket error:', error);
+    connectionManager.removeWebClient(sessionId, client);
+  });
+}
+
+// Returns true if the auth attempt failed (so the caller can count it).
+async function handleAuth(
+  socket: WebSocket,
+  client: WebClientConnection,
+  message: AuthMessage,
+  sessionId: string,
+  sessionManager: SessionManager,
+  throttleKey: string
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  // Reject early if this key is currently locked out.
+  const lockRemaining = getLockoutRemaining(throttleKey);
+  if (lockRemaining > 0) {
+    socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'auth_response',
+      success: false,
+      error: 'Too many failed attempts, try again later',
+      retryAfterMs: lockRemaining
+    }));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const valid = await sessionManager.validatePassword(sessionId, message.password);
+
+  if (valid) {
+    recordSuccess(throttleKey);
+    client.authenticated = true;
+    socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'auth_response',
+      success: true
+    }));
+    logger.debug(`Web client authenticated for session: ${sessionId}`);
+    return false;
+  } else {
+    recordFailure(throttleKey);
+    socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'auth_response',
+      success: false,
+      error: 'Authentication failed'
+    }));
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+function forwardToDesktop(
+  message: any,
+  sessionId: string,
+  connectionManager: ConnectionManager
+): void {
+  const desktop = connectionManager.getDesktopBySessionId(sessionId);
+  if (desktop && desktop.socket.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
+    desktop.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+      type: 'ws_message',
+      data: message
+    }));
+  }
+}

macropad-relay/src/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// MacroPad Relay Server Entry Point
+
+import { createServer } from './server';
+import { config } from './config';
+import { logger } from './utils/logger';
+
+async function main() {
+  logger.info('Starting MacroPad Relay Server...');
+
+  const { server } = createServer();
+
+  server.listen(config.port, config.host, () => {
+    logger.info(`Server running on http://${config.host}:${config.port}`);
+    logger.info(`Environment: ${config.nodeEnv}`);
+  });
+}
+
+main().catch((error) => {
+  logger.error('Failed to start server:', error);
+  process.exit(1);
+});

macropad-relay/src/server.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Express + WebSocket Server Setup
+
+import express from 'express';
+import fs from 'fs';
+import http from 'http';
+import { WebSocketServer } from 'ws';
+import cors from 'cors';
+import helmet from 'helmet';
+import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit';
+import path from 'path';
+
+import { config } from './config';
+import { logger } from './utils/logger';
+import { SessionManager } from './services/SessionManager';
+import { ConnectionManager } from './services/ConnectionManager';
+import { handleDesktopConnection } from './handlers/desktopHandler';
+import { handleWebClientConnection } from './handlers/webClientHandler';
+import { createApiProxy } from './handlers/apiProxy';
+
+// Resolve the client IP for an upgrade request, honouring the proxy's
+// X-Forwarded-For first hop when we trust the proxy.
+function getClientIp(request: http.IncomingMessage): string {
+  if (config.trustProxy) {
+    const xff = request.headers['x-forwarded-for'];
+    if (typeof xff === 'string' && xff.length > 0) {
+      return xff.split(',')[0].trim();
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(xff) && xff.length > 0) {
+      return xff[0].split(',')[0].trim();
+    }
+  }
+  return request.socket.remoteAddress || 'unknown';
+}
+
+// Simple in-memory sliding-window rate limiter for WS upgrades, keyed by IP.
+function createUpgradeRateLimiter() {
+  const hits = new Map<string, number[]>();
+
+  const cleanup = setInterval(() => {
+    const cutoff = Date.now() - config.wsUpgradeWindowMs;
+    for (const [ip, times] of hits) {
+      const recent = times.filter((t) => t > cutoff);
+      if (recent.length === 0) {
+        hits.delete(ip);
+      } else {
+        hits.set(ip, recent);
+      }
+    }
+  }, config.wsUpgradeWindowMs);
+  if (typeof cleanup.unref === 'function') cleanup.unref();
+
+  return function allow(ip: string): boolean {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const cutoff = now - config.wsUpgradeWindowMs;
+    const times = (hits.get(ip) || []).filter((t) => t > cutoff);
+    times.push(now);
+    hits.set(ip, times);
+    return times.length <= config.wsUpgradeMax;
+  };
+}
+
+// Validate the Origin header for a WS upgrade against the allowlist.
+// Native (desktop) clients send no Origin and are permitted.
+function isOriginAllowed(origin: string | undefined, host: string | undefined): boolean {
+  if (!origin) return true; // non-browser clients (e.g. desktop app)
+
+  if (config.allowedOrigins.length > 0) {
+    return config.allowedOrigins.includes(origin);
+  }
+
+  // Default: allow only same-host origins.
+  try {
+    return new URL(origin).host === host;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function createServer() {
+  const app = express();
+  const server = http.createServer(app);
+
+  // Trust the reverse proxy so client IPs (rate limiting) are accurate.
+  app.set('trust proxy', config.trustProxy);
+
+  // Initialize managers
+  const sessionManager = new SessionManager();
+  const connectionManager = new ConnectionManager();
+
+  // Middleware
+  app.use(helmet({
+    // Page scripts are served as external files (/static/app.js,
+    // /static/login.js) with no inline handlers, so scripts are restricted to
+    // 'self' (no 'unsafe-inline'). The pages still use inline <style> blocks,
+    // so style-src keeps 'unsafe-inline'. Images may be data:/blob: (macro
+    // images are loaded as blob object URLs) and WS connections need ws:/wss:.
+    contentSecurityPolicy: {
+      directives: {
+        defaultSrc: ["'self'"],
+        scriptSrc: ["'self'"],
+        styleSrc: ["'self'", "'unsafe-inline'"],
+        imgSrc: ["'self'", 'data:', 'blob:'],
+        connectSrc: ["'self'", 'ws:', 'wss:'],
+        manifestSrc: ["'self'", 'blob:'],
+        objectSrc: ["'none'"],
+        frameAncestors: ["'self'"],
+      },
+    },
+  }));
+
+  // Restrict CORS to the configured origins. When none are configured we
+  // disallow cross-origin requests (the first-party app is same-origin).
+  const corsOptions: cors.CorsOptions =
+    config.allowedOrigins.length > 0
+      ? { origin: config.allowedOrigins }
+      : { origin: false };
+  app.use(cors(corsOptions));
+  app.use(express.json());
+
+  // Rate limiting
+  const limiter = rateLimit({
+    windowMs: config.rateLimitWindowMs,
+    max: config.rateLimitMax,
+    message: { error: 'Too many requests, please try again later' }
+  });
+  app.use(limiter);
+
+  // Static files - check both locations (dev vs production)
+  const publicPath = fs.existsSync(path.join(__dirname, 'public'))
+    ? path.join(__dirname, 'public')
+    : path.join(__dirname, '..', 'public');
+  app.use('/static', express.static(publicPath));
+
+  // Health check - counts only, never leak session ids.
+  app.get('/health', (req, res) => {
+    const stats = connectionManager.getStats();
+    res.json({
+      status: 'ok',
+      desktops: stats.desktopConnections,
+      webClients: stats.webClients,
+      uptime: process.uptime()
+    });
+  });
+
+  // Ping endpoint for container health checks
+  app.get('/ping', (req, res) => {
+    res.json({ status: 'ok' });
+  });
+
+  // Index page
+  app.get('/', (req, res) => {
+    res.sendFile(path.join(publicPath, 'index.html'));
+  });
+
+  // Login page for session. Served uniformly regardless of whether the
+  // session exists so validity cannot be probed via this endpoint.
+  app.get('/:sessionId', (req, res) => {
+    res.sendFile(path.join(publicPath, 'login.html'));
+  });
+
+  // PWA app page (served uniformly; auth is enforced by the API/WS layer).
+  app.get('/:sessionId/app', (req, res) => {
+    res.sendFile(path.join(publicPath, 'app.html'));
+  });
+
+  // API proxy routes
+  const apiProxy = createApiProxy(connectionManager, sessionManager);
+  app.all('/:sessionId/api/*', apiProxy);
+
+  // WebSocket server
+  const wss = new WebSocketServer({ noServer: true });
+
+  const allowUpgrade = createUpgradeRateLimiter();
+
+  // Handle HTTP upgrade for WebSocket
+  server.on('upgrade', (request, socket, head) => {
+    // IP-based upgrade rate limiting (WS upgrades bypass Express middleware).
+    const ip = getClientIp(request);
+    if (!allowUpgrade(ip)) {
+      logger.warn(`WS upgrade rate limit exceeded for ${ip}`);
+      socket.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Origin validation.
+    if (!isOriginAllowed(request.headers.origin, request.headers.host)) {
+      logger.warn(`WS upgrade rejected: bad origin ${request.headers.origin}`);
+      socket.destroy();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const url = new URL(request.url || '', `http://${request.headers.host}`);
+    const pathname = url.pathname;
+
+    // Desktop connection: /desktop
+    if (pathname === '/desktop') {
+      wss.handleUpgrade(request, socket, head, (ws) => {
+        handleDesktopConnection(ws, connectionManager, sessionManager, ip);
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Web client connection: /:sessionId/ws
+    const webClientMatch = pathname.match(/^\/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)\/ws$/);
+    if (webClientMatch) {
+      const sessionId = webClientMatch[1];
+      wss.handleUpgrade(request, socket, head, (ws) => {
+        handleWebClientConnection(ws, sessionId, connectionManager, sessionManager, ip);
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Invalid path
+    socket.destroy();
+  });
+
+  // Graceful shutdown
+  const shutdown = () => {
+    logger.info('Shutting down...');
+    connectionManager.shutdown();
+    sessionManager.shutdown();
+    server.close(() => {
+      logger.info('Server closed');
+      process.exit(0);
+    });
+  };
+
+  process.on('SIGTERM', shutdown);
+  process.on('SIGINT', shutdown);
+
+  return { app, server, sessionManager, connectionManager };
+}

macropad-relay/src/services/ConnectionManager.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+// Connection Manager - manages desktop and web client connections
+
+import WebSocket from 'ws';
+import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
+import { generateRequestId } from '../utils/idGenerator';
+import { config } from '../config';
+
+export interface PendingRequest {
+  resolve: (response: any) => void;
+  reject: (error: Error) => void;
+  timeout: NodeJS.Timeout;
+}
+
+export interface DesktopConnection {
+  sessionId: string;
+  socket: WebSocket;
+  authenticated: boolean;
+  connectedAt: Date;
+  lastPing: Date;
+  pendingRequests: Map<string, PendingRequest>;
+}
+
+export interface WebClientConnection {
+  socket: WebSocket;
+  sessionId: string;
+  authenticated: boolean;
+}
+
+export class ConnectionManager {
+  // Desktop connections: sessionId -> connection
+  private desktopConnections: Map<string, DesktopConnection> = new Map();
+
+  // Web clients: sessionId -> set of connections
+  private webClients: Map<string, Set<WebClientConnection>> = new Map();
+
+  // Ping interval handle
+  private pingInterval: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.startPingInterval();
+  }
+
+  private startPingInterval(): void {
+    this.pingInterval = setInterval(() => {
+      this.pingDesktops();
+    }, config.pingInterval);
+  }
+
+  private pingDesktops(): void {
+    const now = Date.now();
+    for (const [sessionId, desktop] of this.desktopConnections) {
+      // Check if desktop hasn't responded in too long
+      if (now - desktop.lastPing.getTime() > config.pingInterval * 2) {
+        logger.warn(`Desktop ${sessionId} not responding, disconnecting`);
+        this.disconnectDesktop(sessionId);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Send ping
+      try {
+        desktop.socket.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'ping' }));
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.error(`Failed to ping desktop ${sessionId}:`, error);
+        this.disconnectDesktop(sessionId);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Desktop connection methods
+
+  addDesktopConnection(sessionId: string, socket: WebSocket): DesktopConnection {
+    // Close existing connection if any
+    const existing = this.desktopConnections.get(sessionId);
+    if (existing) {
+      try {
+        existing.socket.close();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Ignore
+      }
+    }
+
+    const connection: DesktopConnection = {
+      sessionId,
+      socket,
+      authenticated: true,
+      connectedAt: new Date(),
+      lastPing: new Date(),
+      pendingRequests: new Map()
+    };
+
+    this.desktopConnections.set(sessionId, connection);
+    logger.info(`Desktop connected: ${sessionId}`);
+
+    // Notify web clients
+    this.broadcastToWebClients(sessionId, {
+      type: 'desktop_status',
+      status: 'connected'
+    });
+
+    return connection;
+  }
+
+  disconnectDesktop(sessionId: string): void {
+    const connection = this.desktopConnections.get(sessionId);
+    if (connection) {
+      // Reject all pending requests
+      for (const [requestId, pending] of connection.pendingRequests) {
+        clearTimeout(pending.timeout);
+        pending.reject(new Error('Desktop disconnected'));
+      }
+
+      try {
+        connection.socket.close();
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Ignore
+      }
+
+      this.desktopConnections.delete(sessionId);
+      logger.info(`Desktop disconnected: ${sessionId}`);
+
+      // Notify web clients
+      this.broadcastToWebClients(sessionId, {
+        type: 'desktop_status',
+        status: 'disconnected'
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  getDesktopBySessionId(sessionId: string): DesktopConnection | undefined {
+    return this.desktopConnections.get(sessionId);
+  }
+
+  updateDesktopPing(sessionId: string): void {
+    const connection = this.desktopConnections.get(sessionId);
+    if (connection) {
+      connection.lastPing = new Date();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Web client connection methods
+
+  addWebClient(sessionId: string, socket: WebSocket, authenticated: boolean = false): WebClientConnection {
+    if (!this.webClients.has(sessionId)) {
+      this.webClients.set(sessionId, new Set());
+    }
+
+    const client: WebClientConnection = {
+      socket,
+      sessionId,
+      authenticated
+    };
+
+    this.webClients.get(sessionId)!.add(client);
+    logger.debug(`Web client connected to session: ${sessionId}`);
+
+    return client;
+  }
+
+  removeWebClient(sessionId: string, client: WebClientConnection): void {
+    const clients = this.webClients.get(sessionId);
+    if (clients) {
+      clients.delete(client);
+      if (clients.size === 0) {
+        this.webClients.delete(sessionId);
+      }
+    }
+    logger.debug(`Web client disconnected from session: ${sessionId}`);
+  }
+
+  getWebClientsBySessionId(sessionId: string): Set<WebClientConnection> {
+    return this.webClients.get(sessionId) || new Set();
+  }
+
+  broadcastToWebClients(sessionId: string, message: object): void {
+    const clients = this.webClients.get(sessionId);
+    if (!clients) return;
+
+    const data = JSON.stringify(message);
+    for (const client of clients) {
+      if (client.authenticated && client.socket.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
+        try {
+          client.socket.send(data);
+        } catch (error) {
+          logger.error('Failed to send to web client:', error);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // API request forwarding
+
+  async forwardApiRequest(
+    sessionId: string,
+    method: string,
+    path: string,
+    body?: any,
+    headers?: Record<string, string>
+  ): Promise<{ status: number; body: any }> {
+    const desktop = this.desktopConnections.get(sessionId);
+    if (!desktop) {
+      throw new Error('Desktop not connected');
+    }
+
+    const requestId = generateRequestId();
+
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
+        desktop.pendingRequests.delete(requestId);
+        reject(new Error('Request timeout'));
+      }, config.requestTimeout);
+
+      desktop.pendingRequests.set(requestId, { resolve, reject, timeout });
+
+      try {
+        desktop.socket.send(JSON.stringify({
+          type: 'api_request',
+          requestId,
+          method,
+          path,
+          body,
+          headers
+        }));
+      } catch (error) {
+        desktop.pendingRequests.delete(requestId);
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        reject(error);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  handleApiResponse(sessionId: string, requestId: string, status: number, body: any): void {
+    const desktop = this.desktopConnections.get(sessionId);
+    if (!desktop) return;
+
+    const pending = desktop.pendingRequests.get(requestId);
+    if (pending) {
+      clearTimeout(pending.timeout);
+      desktop.pendingRequests.delete(requestId);
+      pending.resolve({ status, body });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Cleanup
+
+  shutdown(): void {
+    if (this.pingInterval) {
+      clearInterval(this.pingInterval);
+    }
+
+    for (const [sessionId] of this.desktopConnections) {
+      this.disconnectDesktop(sessionId);
+    }
+
+    for (const [sessionId, clients] of this.webClients) {
+      for (const client of clients) {
+        try {
+          client.socket.close();
+        } catch (e) {
+          // Ignore
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    this.webClients.clear();
+  }
+
+  // Stats
+
+  getStats() {
+    return {
+      desktopConnections: this.desktopConnections.size,
+      webClients: Array.from(this.webClients.values()).reduce((sum, set) => sum + set.size, 0),
+      sessions: Array.from(this.desktopConnections.keys())
+    };
+  }
+}

macropad-relay/src/services/SessionManager.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// Session Manager - handles session storage and authentication
+
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import bcrypt from 'bcrypt';
+import { config } from '../config';
+import { generateSessionId } from '../utils/idGenerator';
+import { logger } from '../utils/logger';
+
+export interface Session {
+  id: string;
+  passwordHash: string;
+  createdAt: string;
+  lastConnected: string;
+}
+
+interface SessionStore {
+  sessions: Record<string, Session>;
+}
+
+// Flush pending (debounced) writes at most this often.
+const FLUSH_INTERVAL_MS = 60 * 1000;
+// Prune expired sessions on this cadence.
+const PRUNE_INTERVAL_MS = 60 * 60 * 1000;
+
+export class SessionManager {
+  private sessionsFile: string;
+  private sessions: Map<string, Session> = new Map();
+  private dirty = false;
+  private flushTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+  private pruneTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | null = null;
+
+  constructor() {
+    this.sessionsFile = path.join(config.dataDir, 'sessions.json');
+    this.load();
+    this.pruneExpired();
+    this.startBackgroundTasks();
+  }
+
+  private startBackgroundTasks(): void {
+    this.flushTimer = setInterval(() => {
+      if (this.dirty) {
+        this.save();
+        this.dirty = false;
+      }
+    }, FLUSH_INTERVAL_MS);
+    if (typeof this.flushTimer.unref === 'function') this.flushTimer.unref();
+
+    this.pruneTimer = setInterval(() => {
+      this.pruneExpired();
+    }, PRUNE_INTERVAL_MS);
+    if (typeof this.pruneTimer.unref === 'function') this.pruneTimer.unref();
+  }
+
+  private load(): void {
+    try {
+      if (fs.existsSync(this.sessionsFile)) {
+        const data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(this.sessionsFile, 'utf-8')) as SessionStore;
+        for (const [id, session] of Object.entries(data.sessions || {})) {
+          this.sessions.set(id, session);
+        }
+        logger.info(`Loaded ${this.sessions.size} sessions`);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('Failed to load sessions:', error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Atomic write: write to a temp file in the same directory, then rename.
+  private save(): void {
+    try {
+      const store: SessionStore = {
+        sessions: Object.fromEntries(this.sessions)
+      };
+      const dir = path.dirname(this.sessionsFile);
+      fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+
+      const tmpFile = path.join(
+        dir,
+        `.sessions.${process.pid}.${Date.now()}.tmp`
+      );
+      fs.writeFileSync(tmpFile, JSON.stringify(store, null, 2));
+      fs.renameSync(tmpFile, this.sessionsFile);
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('Failed to save sessions:', error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Prune sessions that have been unused past the configured TTL.
+  private pruneExpired(): void {
+    const ttlMs = config.sessionTtlDays * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+    if (ttlMs <= 0) return;
+
+    const now = Date.now();
+    let pruned = 0;
+    for (const [id, session] of this.sessions) {
+      const last = Date.parse(session.lastConnected || session.createdAt);
+      if (!Number.isNaN(last) && now - last > ttlMs) {
+        this.sessions.delete(id);
+        pruned++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (pruned > 0) {
+      logger.info(`Pruned ${pruned} expired session(s)`);
+      this.save();
+      this.dirty = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async exists(sessionId: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.sessions.has(sessionId);
+  }
+
+  async createSession(password: string): Promise<Session> {
+    // Reject empty / short passwords before doing any hashing.
+    if (!password || password.length < config.minPasswordLength) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Password must be at least ${config.minPasswordLength} characters`
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Cap total sessions to prevent unbounded resource exhaustion.
+    if (this.sessions.size >= config.maxSessions) {
+      // Try to reclaim space by pruning expired sessions first.
+      this.pruneExpired();
+      if (this.sessions.size >= config.maxSessions) {
+        throw new Error('Session limit reached');
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Generate unique session ID
+    let id: string;
+    do {
+      id = generateSessionId(config.sessionIdLength);
+    } while (this.sessions.has(id));
+
+    const passwordHash = await bcrypt.hash(password, config.bcryptRounds);
+
+    // Re-check the cap AFTER the (awaited) hash. bcrypt.hash is the only
+    // suspension point between the first cap check and the set() below, so
+    // concurrent createSession calls could each have passed the earlier check
+    // and then filled the map while we were hashing. Re-checking here — with
+    // no await between this check and the synchronous set() — makes the
+    // check-and-insert atomic under Node's single-threaded model, so the cap
+    // cannot be overshot.
+    if (this.sessions.size >= config.maxSessions) {
+      this.pruneExpired();
+      if (this.sessions.size >= config.maxSessions) {
+        throw new Error('Session limit reached');
+      }
+    }
+
+    const now = new Date().toISOString();
+
+    const session: Session = {
+      id,
+      passwordHash,
+      createdAt: now,
+      lastConnected: now
+    };
+
+    this.sessions.set(id, session);
+    this.save(); // creation is important, persist immediately
+
+    logger.info(`Created new session: ${id}`);
+    return session;
+  }
+
+  async validatePassword(sessionId: string, password: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const session = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+    if (!session) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const valid = await bcrypt.compare(password, session.passwordHash);
+
+    if (valid) {
+      // Update last-connected time, but only mark dirty (debounced flush)
+      // if it moved by more than a minute to avoid writing on every auth.
+      const now = Date.now();
+      const prev = Date.parse(session.lastConnected);
+      if (Number.isNaN(prev) || now - prev > 60 * 1000) {
+        session.lastConnected = new Date(now).toISOString();
+        this.dirty = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return valid;
+  }
+
+  getSession(sessionId: string): Session | undefined {
+    return this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+  }
+
+  updateLastConnected(sessionId: string): void {
+    const session = this.sessions.get(sessionId);
+    if (session) {
+      session.lastConnected = new Date().toISOString();
+      this.dirty = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  deleteSession(sessionId: string): boolean {
+    const deleted = this.sessions.delete(sessionId);
+    if (deleted) {
+      this.save();
+      logger.info(`Deleted session: ${sessionId}`);
+    }
+    return deleted;
+  }
+
+  // Flush any pending writes and stop background timers.
+  shutdown(): void {
+    if (this.flushTimer) {
+      clearInterval(this.flushTimer);
+      this.flushTimer = null;
+    }
+    if (this.pruneTimer) {
+      clearInterval(this.pruneTimer);
+      this.pruneTimer = null;
+    }
+    if (this.dirty) {
+      this.save();
+      this.dirty = false;
+    }
+  }
+}

macropad-relay/src/utils/authThrottle.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Auth brute-force lockout (in-memory).
+//
+// Tracks failed authentication attempts keyed by an opaque, namespaced key
+// (e.g. `web:${sessionId}:${clientIp}` or `desktop:${sessionId}:${clientIp}`).
+// Namespacing by path and client IP keeps the web and desktop keyspaces
+// separate so one abusive web client cannot lock out other users or the
+// desktop for the same session. After `authLockoutMaxAttempts` failures within
+// `authLockoutWindowMs`, further attempts are rejected until
+// `authLockoutDurationMs` has elapsed.
+
+import { config } from '../config';
+
+interface AttemptRecord {
+  count: number;
+  windowStart: number;
+  lockedUntil: number;
+}
+
+const records = new Map<string, AttemptRecord>();
+
+/**
+ * Returns the number of milliseconds remaining on a lockout for this key,
+ * or 0 if the key is not currently locked.
+ */
+export function getLockoutRemaining(key: string): number {
+  const rec = records.get(key);
+  if (!rec) return 0;
+  const now = Date.now();
+  if (rec.lockedUntil > now) {
+    return rec.lockedUntil - now;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Record a failed auth attempt. Locks the key out for
+ * `authLockoutDurationMs` once `authLockoutMaxAttempts` failures accumulate
+ * within `authLockoutWindowMs`. Callers query the resulting lockout via
+ * getLockoutRemaining(), so this returns nothing.
+ */
+export function recordFailure(key: string): void {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  let rec = records.get(key);
+
+  // Start a fresh window if none exists or the current one has expired.
+  if (!rec || now - rec.windowStart > config.authLockoutWindowMs) {
+    rec = { count: 0, windowStart: now, lockedUntil: 0 };
+    records.set(key, rec);
+  }
+
+  rec.count += 1;
+
+  if (rec.count >= config.authLockoutMaxAttempts) {
+    rec.lockedUntil = now + config.authLockoutDurationMs;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clear any recorded failures for this key (call on successful auth).
+ */
+export function recordSuccess(key: string): void {
+  records.delete(key);
+}
+
+// Periodically drop stale records so the map does not grow unbounded.
+const cleanup = setInterval(() => {
+  const now = Date.now();
+  for (const [key, rec] of records) {
+    const windowExpired = now - rec.windowStart > config.authLockoutWindowMs;
+    const notLocked = rec.lockedUntil <= now;
+    if (windowExpired && notLocked) {
+      records.delete(key);
+    }
+  }
+}, Math.max(60000, config.authLockoutWindowMs));
+
+// Do not keep the process alive solely for this timer.
+if (typeof cleanup.unref === 'function') {
+  cleanup.unref();
+}

macropad-relay/src/utils/idGenerator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Unique ID generation utilities
+
+import { randomBytes, randomUUID } from 'crypto';
+
+const BASE62_CHARS = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';
+
+// Largest multiple of 62 that fits in a byte (62 * 4 = 248). Bytes >= 248
+// are rejected so every character is drawn with uniform probability
+// (avoids modulo bias from `byte % 62`).
+const REJECTION_THRESHOLD = Math.floor(256 / BASE62_CHARS.length) * BASE62_CHARS.length;
+
+/**
+ * Generate a random base62 string of the specified length.
+ * Uses cryptographically secure random bytes with rejection sampling
+ * to eliminate modulo bias.
+ */
+export function generateSessionId(length: number = 12): string {
+  let result = '';
+
+  while (result.length < length) {
+    // Fetch exactly `length` random bytes per pass. Bytes at or above the
+    // rejection threshold are skipped to avoid modulo bias, so a pass may
+    // yield fewer than `length` characters; the outer while then runs another
+    // pass until we have enough. (No over-fetching — each pass draws exactly
+    // `length` bytes.)
+    const bytes = randomBytes(length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < bytes.length && result.length < length; i++) {
+      const byte = bytes[i];
+      if (byte >= REJECTION_THRESHOLD) {
+        continue; // reject to avoid bias
+      }
+      result += BASE62_CHARS[byte % BASE62_CHARS.length];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate a UUID v4 for request IDs using the crypto module.
+ */
+export function generateRequestId(): string {
+  return randomUUID();
+}

macropad-relay/src/utils/logger.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Logger utility using Winston
+
+import winston from 'winston';
+import { config } from '../config';
+
+const logFormat = winston.format.combine(
+  winston.format.timestamp({ format: 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss' }),
+  winston.format.errors({ stack: true }),
+  winston.format.printf(({ level, message, timestamp, stack }) => {
+    return `${timestamp} [${level.toUpperCase()}]: ${stack || message}`;
+  })
+);
+
+export const logger = winston.createLogger({
+  level: config.logLevel,
+  format: logFormat,
+  transports: [
+    new winston.transports.Console({
+      format: winston.format.combine(
+        winston.format.colorize(),
+        logFormat
+      )
+    })
+  ]
+});
+
+// Add file transport in production
+if (!config.isDevelopment) {
+  logger.add(new winston.transports.File({
+    filename: 'error.log',
+    level: 'error'
+  }));
+  logger.add(new winston.transports.File({
+    filename: 'combined.log'
+  }));
+}

macropad-relay/tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2020",
+    "module": "commonjs",
+    "lib": ["ES2020"],
+    "outDir": "./dist",
+    "rootDir": "./src",
+    "strict": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "declaration": true,
+    "declarationMap": true,
+    "sourceMap": true
+  },
+  "include": ["src/**/*"],
+  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
+}

macropad.spec

@@ -45,9 +45,11 @@ a = Analysis(
         'pyautogui',
         'pyperclip',
         'pystray',
-        'netifaces',
         'websockets',
         'multipart',
+        # Relay client (imported lazily in the GUI, so declare explicitly)
+        'relay_client',
+        'aiohttp',
     ],
     hookspath=[],
     hooksconfig={},
@@ -78,5 +80,5 @@ exe = EXE(
     target_arch=None,
     codesign_identity=None,
     entitlements_file=None,
-    icon='Macro Pad.png',
+    icon='Macro Pad.ico',
 )

macropad_linux.spec

@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ a = Analysis(
         'pyperclip',
         'pystray',
         'pystray._base',
-        'netifaces',
         'websockets',
         'multipart',
         # Linux system tray

macropad_macos.spec

@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ a = Analysis(
         'pyautogui',
         'pyperclip',
         'pystray',
-        'netifaces',
         'websockets',
         'multipart',
     ],
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ app = BUNDLE(
     icon='Macro Pad.png',
     bundle_identifier='com.macropad.server',
     info_plist={
-        'CFBundleShortVersionString': '0.9.0',
+        'CFBundleShortVersionString': '0.9.2',
         'CFBundleName': 'MacroPad Server',
         'NSHighResolutionCapable': True,
     },

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "macropad-server"
-version = "0.9.0"
+version = "0.9.5"
 description = "A cross-platform macro management application with desktop and web interfaces"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ dependencies = [
     "uvicorn>=0.24.0",
     "websockets>=12.0",
     "python-multipart>=0.0.6",  # For file uploads
-    # Network utilities
-    "netifaces>=0.11.0",
     # QR code generation
     "qrcode>=7.4.2",
     # Desktop GUI
     "PySide6>=6.6.0",
+    # Relay client
+    "aiohttp>=3.9.0",
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]

relay_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# Relay Client for MacroPad Server
+# Connects to relay server and forwards API requests to local server
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+import threading
+import time
+from typing import Optional, Callable
+import aiohttp
+
+
+class RelayClient:
+    """WebSocket client that connects to relay server and proxies requests."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        relay_url: str,
+        password: str,
+        session_id: Optional[str] = None,
+        local_port: int = 40000,
+        on_connected: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_disconnected: Optional[Callable] = None,
+        on_session_id: Optional[Callable[[str], None]] = None,
+        local_auth_token: str = ""
+    ):
+        self.relay_url = relay_url.rstrip('/')
+        if not self.relay_url.endswith('/desktop'):
+            self.relay_url += '/desktop'
+        self.password = password
+        self.session_id = session_id
+        self.local_url = f"http://localhost:{local_port}"
+        self.local_auth_token = local_auth_token
+
+        # Callbacks
+        self.on_connected = on_connected
+        self.on_disconnected = on_disconnected
+        self.on_session_id = on_session_id
+
+        # State
+        self._ws = None
+        self._session = None
+        self._running = False
+        self._connected = False
+        self._thread = None
+        self._loop = None
+        self._reconnect_delay = 1
+
+    def start(self):
+        """Start the relay client in a background thread."""
+        if self._running:
+            return
+
+        self._running = True
+        self._thread = threading.Thread(target=self._run_async_loop, daemon=True)
+        self._thread.start()
+
+    def stop(self):
+        """Stop the relay client."""
+        self._running = False
+        if self._loop and self._loop.is_running():
+            self._loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self._loop.stop)
+        if self._thread:
+            self._thread.join(timeout=2)
+            self._thread = None
+
+    def is_connected(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if connected to relay server."""
+        return self._connected
+
+    def _run_async_loop(self):
+        """Run the asyncio event loop in the background thread."""
+        self._loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+        asyncio.set_event_loop(self._loop)
+
+        try:
+            self._loop.run_until_complete(self._connection_loop())
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(f"Relay client error: {e}")
+        finally:
+            self._loop.close()
+
+    async def _connection_loop(self):
+        """Main connection loop with reconnection logic."""
+        while self._running:
+            try:
+                await self._connect_and_run()
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"Relay connection error: {e}")
+
+            if self._running:
+                # Exponential backoff for reconnection
+                await asyncio.sleep(self._reconnect_delay)
+                self._reconnect_delay = min(self._reconnect_delay * 2, 30)
+
+    async def _connect_and_run(self):
+        """Connect to relay server and handle messages."""
+        try:
+            async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+                self._session = session
+                async with session.ws_connect(self.relay_url) as ws:
+                    self._ws = ws
+
+                    # Authenticate
+                    if not await self._authenticate():
+                        return
+
+                    self._connected = True
+                    self._reconnect_delay = 1  # Reset backoff on successful connect
+
+                    if self.on_connected:
+                        self.on_connected()
+
+                    # Message handling loop
+                    async for msg in ws:
+                        if msg.type == aiohttp.WSMsgType.TEXT:
+                            await self._handle_message(json.loads(msg.data))
+                        elif msg.type == aiohttp.WSMsgType.ERROR:
+                            print(f"WebSocket error: {ws.exception()}")
+                            break
+                        elif msg.type == aiohttp.WSMsgType.CLOSED:
+                            break
+
+        except aiohttp.ClientError as e:
+            print(f"Relay connection failed: {e}")
+        finally:
+            self._connected = False
+            self._ws = None
+            self._session = None
+            if self.on_disconnected:
+                self.on_disconnected()
+
+    async def _authenticate(self) -> bool:
+        """Authenticate with the relay server."""
+        auth_msg = {
+            "type": "auth",
+            "sessionId": self.session_id,
+            "password": self.password
+        }
+        await self._ws.send_json(auth_msg)
+
+        # Wait for auth response
+        response = await self._ws.receive_json()
+
+        if response.get("type") == "auth_response":
+            if response.get("success"):
+                # Mark as connected before callbacks so update_ip_label works
+                self._connected = True
+                new_session_id = response.get("sessionId")
+                # Always update session_id and trigger callback to ensure URL updates
+                if new_session_id:
+                    self.session_id = new_session_id
+                    if self.on_session_id:
+                        self.on_session_id(new_session_id)
+                return True
+            else:
+                print(f"Authentication failed: {response.get('error', 'Unknown error')}")
+                return False
+
+        return False
+
+    async def _handle_message(self, msg: dict):
+        """Handle a message from the relay server."""
+        msg_type = msg.get("type")
+
+        if msg_type == "api_request":
+            await self._handle_api_request(msg)
+        elif msg_type == "ws_message":
+            # Forward WebSocket message from web client
+            await self._handle_ws_message(msg)
+        elif msg_type == "ping":
+            await self._ws.send_json({"type": "pong"})
+
+    async def _handle_api_request(self, msg: dict):
+        """Forward API request to local server and send response back."""
+        request_id = msg.get("requestId")
+        method = msg.get("method", "GET").upper()
+        path = msg.get("path", "/")
+        body = msg.get("body")
+
+        # Restrict the relay to API routes only. This prevents the relay from
+        # reaching static/other paths on the local server.
+        if not path.startswith("/api/"):
+            await self._ws.send_json({
+                "type": "api_response",
+                "requestId": request_id,
+                "status": 403,
+                "body": {"error": "forbidden path"}
+            })
+            return
+
+        url = f"{self.local_url}{path}"
+
+        # Build a fresh headers dict. We do NOT forward attacker-supplied
+        # headers from the relay; we inject the local auth token ourselves.
+        sending_body = bool(body) and method in ("POST", "PUT", "PATCH")
+        headers = {"X-MacroPad-Token": self.local_auth_token}
+        if sending_body:
+            headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+
+        try:
+            # Forward request to local server
+            async with self._session.request(
+                method,
+                url,
+                json=body if sending_body else None,
+                headers=headers
+            ) as response:
+                # Handle binary responses (images)
+                content_type = response.headers.get("Content-Type", "")
+
+                if content_type.startswith("image/"):
+                    # Base64 encode binary data
+                    import base64
+                    data = await response.read()
+                    response_body = {
+                        "base64": base64.b64encode(data).decode("utf-8"),
+                        "contentType": content_type
+                    }
+                else:
+                    try:
+                        response_body = await response.json()
+                    except:
+                        response_body = {"text": await response.text()}
+
+                await self._ws.send_json({
+                    "type": "api_response",
+                    "requestId": request_id,
+                    "status": response.status,
+                    "body": response_body
+                })
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            await self._ws.send_json({
+                "type": "api_response",
+                "requestId": request_id,
+                "status": 500,
+                "body": {"error": str(e)}
+            })
+
+    async def _handle_ws_message(self, msg: dict):
+        """Handle WebSocket message from web client."""
+        data = msg.get("data", {})
+        # For now, we don't need to forward messages from web clients
+        # to the local server because the local server broadcasts changes
+        # The relay will handle broadcasting back to web clients
+        pass
+
+    async def broadcast(self, data: dict):
+        """Broadcast a message to all connected web clients via relay."""
+        if self._ws and self._connected:
+            await self._ws.send_json({
+                "type": "ws_broadcast",
+                "data": data
+            })

version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.9.0
+1.1.1

web/index.html

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, viewport-fit=cover">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, viewport-fit=cover">
-    <meta name="theme-color" content="#007acc">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'; style-src 'self'; img-src 'self' data: blob:; connect-src 'self'; object-src 'none'; base-uri 'none'">
+    <meta name="theme-color" content="#15161a" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)">
+    <meta name="theme-color" content="#eceef4" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)">
     <meta name="description" content="Remote macro control for your desktop">
 
     <!-- PWA / iOS specific -->
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@
     <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
     <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="MacroPad">
     <meta name="application-name" content="MacroPad">
-    <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#007acc">
+    <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#7c5cff">
     <meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no">
 
     <title>MacroPad</title>
@@ -29,20 +31,20 @@
     <header class="header">
         <h1>MacroPad</h1>
         <div class="header-actions">
-            <div class="connection-status">
+            <div class="connection-status" id="connection-status" role="status" aria-live="polite">
                 <div class="status-dot"></div>
                 <span>Disconnected</span>
             </div>
-            <div class="wake-lock-status" id="wake-lock-status" title="Screen wake lock">
+            <button type="button" class="wake-lock-status" id="wake-lock-status" title="Screen wake lock" aria-label="Toggle screen wake lock">
-                <span class="wake-icon">☀</span>
+                <span class="wake-icon" aria-hidden="true">☀</span>
-            </div>
+            </button>
-            <button class="header-btn icon-btn" id="fullscreen-btn" onclick="app.toggleFullscreen()" title="Toggle fullscreen">⛶</button>
+            <button type="button" class="header-btn icon-btn" id="fullscreen-btn" title="Toggle fullscreen" aria-label="Toggle fullscreen">⛶</button>
-            <button class="header-btn secondary" onclick="app.refresh()">Refresh</button>
+            <button type="button" class="header-btn secondary" id="refresh-btn">Refresh</button>
         </div>
     </header>
 
     <!-- Tabs -->
-    <nav class="tabs" id="tabs-container">
+    <nav class="tabs" id="tabs-container" role="tablist" aria-label="Macro categories">
         <!-- Tabs rendered dynamically -->
     </nav>
 
@@ -53,8 +55,44 @@
         </div>
     </main>
 
+    <!-- Floating action button: create new macro -->
+    <button type="button" class="fab" id="new-macro-btn" aria-label="New macro">＋</button>
+
+    <!-- Macro create/edit modal -->
+    <div class="modal" id="macro-modal" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="macro-modal-title" hidden>
+        <div class="modal-content">
+            <div class="modal-header">
+                <h2 id="macro-modal-title">New Macro</h2>
+                <button type="button" class="modal-close" id="macro-modal-close" aria-label="Close dialog">×</button>
+            </div>
+            <div class="modal-body">
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="macro-name-input">Name</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="macro-name-input" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Macro name">
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="macro-category-input">Category</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="macro-category-input" autocomplete="off" list="macro-category-list" placeholder="Category (optional)">
+                    <datalist id="macro-category-list"></datalist>
+                </div>
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label>Commands</label>
+                    <div class="command-list" id="command-list"></div>
+                    <div class="add-command-btns">
+                        <button type="button" class="add-command-btn" id="add-command-btn">＋ Add step</button>
+                    </div>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="modal-footer">
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" id="delete-macro-btn" hidden>Delete</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" id="cancel-macro-btn">Cancel</button>
+                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="save-macro-btn">Save</button>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+
     <!-- Toast Container -->
-    <div class="toast-container" id="toast-container"></div>
+    <div class="toast-container" id="toast-container" role="status" aria-live="polite"></div>
 
     <script src="/static/js/app.js"></script>
 </body>

web/manifest.json

@@ -6,9 +6,10 @@
     "start_url": "/",
     "scope": "/",
     "display": "standalone",
-    "background_color": "#2e2e2e",
+    "background_color": "#15161a",
-    "theme_color": "#007acc",
+    "theme_color": "#7c5cff",
     "orientation": "any",
+    "//": "Maskable icons ideally need ~10% transparent padding so they aren't cropped inside the platform safe zone; the current PNGs are reused as-is without new art.",
     "icons": [
         {
             "src": "/static/icons/icon-192.png",

web/service-worker.js

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // MacroPad PWA Service Worker
-const CACHE_NAME = 'macropad-v3';
+const CACHE_NAME = 'macropad-v4';
 const ASSETS_TO_CACHE = [
     '/',
     '/static/css/styles.css',
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ const ASSETS_TO_CACHE = [
     '/manifest.json'
 ];
 
-// Install event - cache assets
+// Install event - pre-cache the app shell
 self.addEventListener('install', (event) => {
     event.waitUntil(
         caches.open(CACHE_NAME)
@@ -34,39 +34,57 @@ self.addEventListener('activate', (event) => {
     );
 });
 
-// Fetch event - serve from cache, fallback to network
+// Network-first for navigations + app code so deployed fixes reach clients.
-self.addEventListener('fetch', (event) => {
+async function networkFirst(request) {
-    const url = new URL(event.request.url);
+    const cache = await caches.open(CACHE_NAME);
+    try {
+        const networkResponse = await fetch(request);
+        if (networkResponse && networkResponse.status === 200 && networkResponse.type === 'basic') {
+            cache.put(request, networkResponse.clone());
+        }
+        return networkResponse;
+    } catch (err) {
+        const cached = await cache.match(request);
+        if (cached) {
+            return cached;
+        }
+        // Offline fallback for navigations: serve the cached shell.
+        if (request.mode === 'navigate') {
+            const shell = await cache.match('/');
+            if (shell) {
+                return shell;
+            }
+        }
+        return new Response('Offline', {
+            status: 503,
+            statusText: 'Offline',
+            headers: { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' }
+        });
+    }
+}
 
-    // Always fetch API requests from network
+self.addEventListener('fetch', (event) => {
-    if (url.pathname.startsWith('/api/') || url.pathname.startsWith('/ws')) {
+    const request = event.request;
-        event.respondWith(fetch(event.request));
+
+    // Only handle GET; let the browser deal with POST/PUT/DELETE directly.
+    if (request.method !== 'GET') {
         return;
     }
 
-    // For other requests, try cache first, then network
+    const url = new URL(request.url);
+
+    // API requests always go to the network; never serve stale data.
+    // Return a synthetic offline JSON response instead of an unhandled undefined.
+    if (url.pathname.startsWith('/api/')) {
         event.respondWith(
-        caches.match(event.request)
+            fetch(request).catch(() => new Response(
-            .then((response) => {
+                JSON.stringify({ error: 'offline', detail: 'Network unavailable' }),
-                if (response) {
+                { status: 503, headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' } }
-                    return response;
+            ))
-                }
-                return fetch(event.request).then((networkResponse) => {
-                    // Cache successful responses
-                    if (networkResponse && networkResponse.status === 200) {
-                        const responseClone = networkResponse.clone();
-                        caches.open(CACHE_NAME).then((cache) => {
-                            cache.put(event.request, responseClone);
-                        });
-                    }
-                    return networkResponse;
-                });
-            })
-            .catch(() => {
-                // Return offline fallback for navigation requests
-                if (event.request.mode === 'navigate') {
-                    return caches.match('/');
-                }
-            })
         );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Navigations and static app assets: network-first with cache fallback.
+    event.respondWith(networkFirst(request));
 });

web_server.py

@@ -1,19 +1,35 @@
 # FastAPI web server for MacroPad
 
+import io
 import os
 import sys
+import uuid
+import hmac
 import asyncio
 from typing import List, Optional
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 
-from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect, UploadFile, File, HTTPException
+from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect, UploadFile, File, HTTPException, Request
 from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
-from fastapi.responses import FileResponse, HTMLResponse
+from fastapi.responses import FileResponse, HTMLResponse, JSONResponse
 from pydantic import BaseModel
+from PIL import Image
 import uvicorn
 
 from config import DEFAULT_PORT, VERSION
 
+# Max accepted upload size for images (bytes).
+MAX_IMAGE_UPLOAD_BYTES = 5 * 1024 * 1024
+
+# Map Pillow image formats to safe file extensions we're willing to persist.
+_IMAGE_FORMAT_EXT = {
+    "PNG": ".png",
+    "JPEG": ".jpg",
+    "GIF": ".gif",
+    "BMP": ".bmp",
+    "WEBP": ".webp",
+}
+
 
 def get_resource_path(relative_path):
     """Get the path to a bundled resource file."""
@@ -72,21 +88,28 @@ class ConnectionManager:
             self.active_connections.remove(websocket)
 
     async def broadcast(self, message: dict):
-        """Send message to all connected clients."""
+        """Send message to all connected clients, pruning dead sockets."""
-        for connection in self.active_connections:
+        dead = []
+        # Iterate over a snapshot so the list isn't mutated during iteration.
+        for connection in list(self.active_connections):
             try:
                 await connection.send_json(message)
             except Exception:
-                pass
+                dead.append(connection)
+        for connection in dead:
+            self.disconnect(connection)
 
 
 class WebServer:
     """FastAPI-based web server for MacroPad."""
 
-    def __init__(self, macro_manager, app_dir: str, port: int = DEFAULT_PORT):
+    def __init__(self, macro_manager, app_dir: str, port: int = DEFAULT_PORT,
+                 auth_token: str = "", host: str = "127.0.0.1"):
         self.macro_manager = macro_manager
         self.app_dir = app_dir
         self.port = port
+        self.auth_token = auth_token
+        self.host = host
         self.app = None
         self.manager = ConnectionManager()
         self.server = None
@@ -114,6 +137,36 @@ class WebServer:
         if os.path.exists(images_dir):
             app.mount("/images", StaticFiles(directory=images_dir), name="images")
 
+        # Paths served without a token (PWA shell + static assets)
+        public_paths = {"/", "/manifest.json", "/service-worker.js"}
+
+        def _add_security_headers(response):
+            # Anti-clickjacking / MIME-sniffing. frame-ancestors can only be set
+            # via a real response header (it is ignored inside a <meta> CSP), so
+            # we enforce it here rather than in index.html.
+            response.headers["X-Frame-Options"] = "DENY"
+            response.headers["X-Content-Type-Options"] = "nosniff"
+            response.headers["Referrer-Policy"] = "no-referrer"
+            return response
+
+        @app.middleware("http")
+        async def auth_middleware(request: Request, call_next):
+            """Require a valid auth token for all non-public paths."""
+            path = request.url.path
+            if path in public_paths or path.startswith("/static/"):
+                return _add_security_headers(await call_next(request))
+
+            # Fail-open only when no token is configured (shouldn't happen in prod)
+            if self.auth_token:
+                provided = request.headers.get("X-MacroPad-Token") \
+                    or request.query_params.get("token") or ""
+                if not hmac.compare_digest(provided, self.auth_token):
+                    return _add_security_headers(
+                        JSONResponse({"detail": "Unauthorized"}, status_code=401)
+                    )
+
+            return _add_security_headers(await call_next(request))
+
         @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse)
         async def index():
             """Serve the main PWA page."""
@@ -167,7 +220,12 @@ class WebServer:
         @app.post("/api/execute")
         async def execute_macro(request: ExecuteRequest):
             """Execute a macro by ID."""
-            success = self.macro_manager.execute_macro(request.macro_id)
+            # execute_macro is synchronous and may sleep (wait steps); run it in
+            # a thread executor so it doesn't block the event loop / other traffic.
+            loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+            success = await loop.run_in_executor(
+                None, self.macro_manager.execute_macro, request.macro_id
+            )
             if success:
                 # Broadcast execution to all connected clients
                 await self.manager.broadcast({
@@ -216,38 +274,97 @@ class WebServer:
 
         @app.post("/api/upload-image")
         async def upload_image(file: UploadFile = File(...)):
-            """Upload an image for a macro."""
+            """Upload an image for a macro.
-            if not file.content_type or not file.content_type.startswith("image/"):
-                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="File must be an image")
 
-            # Save to temp location
+            Hardened: enforces a size cap, validates the bytes are a real image
-            import tempfile
+            with Pillow (content_type is untrusted), and saves into the app's
-            import shutil
+            macro_images/ directory under a server-generated uuid name. Returns
+            only a relative reference, never an absolute server path.
+            """
+            # Read with a hard size cap (reject oversize before buffering it all).
+            data = b""
+            chunk_size = 64 * 1024
+            while True:
+                chunk = await file.read(chunk_size)
+                if not chunk:
+                    break
+                data += chunk
+                if len(data) > MAX_IMAGE_UPLOAD_BYTES:
+                    raise HTTPException(status_code=413, detail="Image too large")
 
-            ext = os.path.splitext(file.filename)[1] if file.filename else ".png"
+            if not data:
-            with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=ext) as tmp:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Empty upload")
-                shutil.copyfileobj(file.file, tmp)
+
-                return {"path": tmp.name}
+            # Validate it's really an image (don't trust content_type).
+            try:
+                Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)).verify()
+                # verify() leaves the image unusable; reopen to read the format.
+                img_format = (Image.open(io.BytesIO(data)).format or "").upper()
+            except Exception:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="File is not a valid image")
+
+            ext = _IMAGE_FORMAT_EXT.get(img_format)
+            if not ext:
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Unsupported image format")
+
+            images_dir = os.path.join(self.app_dir, "macro_images")
+            os.makedirs(images_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+            filename = f"{uuid.uuid4().hex}{ext}"
+            dest_path = os.path.join(images_dir, filename)
+            rel_path = os.path.join("macro_images", filename)
+
+            try:
+                with open(dest_path, "wb") as out:
+                    out.write(data)
+            except Exception:
+                # Clean up a partial file on failure.
+                try:
+                    if os.path.exists(dest_path):
+                        os.remove(dest_path)
+                except OSError:
+                    pass
+                raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail="Failed to save image")
+
+            # Return only a relative, opaque reference.
+            return {"path": rel_path.replace(os.sep, "/")}
 
         @app.get("/api/image/{image_path:path}")
         async def get_image(image_path: str):
-            """Get macro image (legacy compatibility)."""
+            """Get macro image (legacy compatibility, path-traversal safe)."""
-            full_path = os.path.join(self.app_dir, image_path)
+            images_dir = os.path.join(self.app_dir, "macro_images")
-            if os.path.exists(full_path):
+            requested = os.path.realpath(os.path.join(self.app_dir, image_path))
-                return FileResponse(full_path)
+            images_real = os.path.realpath(images_dir)
+            # Only serve files that resolve to inside the macro_images directory
+            if (os.path.commonpath([requested, images_real]) == images_real
+                    and os.path.isfile(requested)):
+                return FileResponse(requested)
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Image not found")
 
         @app.websocket("/ws")
         async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
             """WebSocket for real-time updates."""
+            # Require a valid token before accepting the connection
+            if self.auth_token:
+                provided = websocket.query_params.get("token") or ""
+                if not hmac.compare_digest(provided, self.auth_token):
+                    await websocket.close(code=1008)
+                    return
             await self.manager.connect(websocket)
             try:
                 while True:
+                    # receive_json raises on malformed input / non-JSON frames;
+                    # any such error must still tear the connection down cleanly.
                     data = await websocket.receive_json()
                     # Handle incoming messages if needed
-                    if data.get("type") == "ping":
+                    if isinstance(data, dict) and data.get("type") == "ping":
                         await websocket.send_json({"type": "pong"})
             except WebSocketDisconnect:
+                pass
+            except Exception:
+                # Malformed input or any other error: don't leak the connection.
+                pass
+            finally:
                 self.manager.disconnect(websocket)
 
         self.app = app
@@ -260,7 +377,7 @@ class WebServer:
 
         config = uvicorn.Config(
             self.app,
-            host="0.0.0.0",
+            host=self.host,
             port=self.port,
             log_level="warning",
             log_config=None  # Disable default logging config for PyInstaller compatibility
@@ -280,7 +397,7 @@ class WebServer:
 
         config = uvicorn.Config(
             self.app,
-            host="0.0.0.0",
+            host=self.host,
             port=self.port,
             log_level="warning",
             log_config=None  # Disable default logging config for PyInstaller compatibility