Merge pull request 'perf(web): cache macro images in local PWA (1.1.2)' (#12) from perf/local-image-cache into main

Same fix as the relay: the local PWA re-fetched every macro image and revoked
the blob on each re-render. Cache image URL -> Promise<objectURL> and reuse
across renders (images are immutable per uuid path); add Cache-Control:
immutable on the desktop /api/image response. Verified in a browser: 7
re-renders produced only the initial 3 image fetches, none repeated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

config.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Configuration and constants for MacroPad Server
 
-VERSION = "1.1.0"
+VERSION = "1.1.2"
 DEFAULT_PORT = 40000
 SETTINGS_FILE = "settings.json"
 

macro_manager.py

@@ -416,15 +416,23 @@ class MacroManager:
 
         elif cmd_type == "app":
             # Launch application.
-            # SECURITY: shell=True was removed to kill shell-metacharacter
+            # SECURITY: never use shell=True — that would allow shell-metacharacter
-            # injection (no ; && | $() chaining). We tokenize the command
+            # injection (; && | $() chaining, redirection). Both branches below run
-            # and exec the program directly without a shell.
+            # without a shell, so the command can only launch a program with args.
             command = cmd.get("command", "")
             if command:
                 try:
-                    args = shlex.split(command, posix=(os.name != "nt"))
+                    if os.name == "nt":
-                    if args:
+                        # Windows: pass the string so CreateProcess parses it
-                        subprocess.Popen(args)
+                        # (correctly handling quoted paths like "C:\Program
+                        # Files\app.exe"). shell=False means no cmd.exe, so no
+                        # metacharacter chaining.
+                        subprocess.Popen(command)
+                    else:
+                        # POSIX: split into an argv list; no shell involved.
+                        args = shlex.split(command)
+                        if args:
+                            subprocess.Popen(args)
                 except Exception as e:
                     print(f"Error launching app command: {e}")
 

macropad-relay/public/app.js

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ class MacroPadApp {
         this.tabs = [];
         this.currentTab = 'All';
         this.ws = null;
+        // Cache of image_path -> Promise<objectURL>. Macro images are
+        // content-addressed by uuid filename, so they are immutable: once
+        // fetched, an image never changes for a given path. Caching here avoids
+        // re-fetching every image through the relay on each re-render.
+        this._imageCache = new Map();
         this.desktopConnected = false;
         this.wsAuthenticated = false;
 
@@ -249,35 +254,55 @@ class MacroPadApp {
         this.loadMacroImages();
     }
 
-    // Fetch each macro image with the password header and display it
+    // Fetch each macro image with the password header and display it as a blob
-    // as a blob object URL so the credential never appears in a URL.
+    // object URL so the credential never appears in a URL. Images are fetched
-    async loadMacroImages() {
+    // in parallel and cached (see _imageCache) so re-renders reuse them instead
+    // of re-fetching through the relay each time.
+    loadMacroImages() {
         for (const [id, macro] of Object.entries(this.macros)) {
             if (!macro.image_path) continue;
             const card = document.querySelector(`[data-macro-id="${id}"]`);
             if (!card) continue;
             const img = card.querySelector('.macro-image');
             if (!img) continue;
-
+            this._applyMacroImage(img, macro.image_path);
-            try {
-                const response = await fetch(
-                    `/${this.sessionId}/api/image/${macro.image_path}`,
-                    { headers: this.getApiHeaders() }
-                );
-                if (!response.ok) continue; // keep placeholder
-                const blob = await response.blob();
-                const objectUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
-                img.onload = () => URL.revokeObjectURL(objectUrl);
-                img.src = objectUrl;
-                img.style.display = '';
-                const placeholder = img.nextElementSibling;
-                if (placeholder) placeholder.style.display = 'none';
-            } catch (error) {
-                // Leave the placeholder visible on failure.
-            }
         }
     }
 
+    async _applyMacroImage(img, imagePath) {
+        try {
+            const objectUrl = await this._getImageUrl(imagePath);
+            img.src = objectUrl;
+            img.style.display = '';
+            const placeholder = img.nextElementSibling;
+            if (placeholder) placeholder.style.display = 'none';
+        } catch (error) {
+            // Leave the placeholder visible on failure.
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Returns a cached Promise<objectURL> for an image path, fetching once.
+    // The object URL is retained for the page's lifetime (images are immutable
+    // per path, so there is nothing to invalidate); this de-duplicates
+    // concurrent requests and eliminates re-fetching on re-render.
+    _getImageUrl(imagePath) {
+        let entry = this._imageCache.get(imagePath);
+        if (entry) return entry;
+        entry = (async () => {
+            const response = await fetch(
+                `/${this.sessionId}/api/image/${imagePath}`,
+                { headers: this.getApiHeaders() }
+            );
+            if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`image ${response.status}`);
+            const blob = await response.blob();
+            return URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+        })();
+        // Drop failed fetches from the cache so a later render can retry.
+        entry.catch(() => this._imageCache.delete(imagePath));
+        this._imageCache.set(imagePath, entry);
+        return entry;
+    }
+
     setupEventListeners() {
         document.getElementById('tabs-container').addEventListener('click', (e) => {
             if (e.target.classList.contains('tab')) {

macropad-relay/src/handlers/apiProxy.ts

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ export function createApiProxy(
       if (response.body?.base64 && response.body?.contentType) {
         const buffer = Buffer.from(response.body.base64, 'base64');
         res.set('Content-Type', response.body.contentType);
+        // Macro images are content-addressed (uuid filenames) and therefore
+        // immutable, so let the browser cache them aggressively. 'private'
+        // keeps them out of shared proxy caches since they sit behind auth.
+        res.set('Cache-Control', 'private, max-age=31536000, immutable');
         res.send(buffer);
       } else {
         res.status(response.status).json(response.body);

version.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.1.0
+1.1.2

web/js/app.js

@@ -34,8 +34,10 @@ class MacroPadApp {
         // Guards against out-of-order macro fetches
         this._macroReqId = 0;
 
-        // Blob object URLs created for macro images (revoked on re-render)
+        // Cache of image URL -> Promise<objectURL>. Macro images are
-        this._objectUrls = [];
+        // content-addressed by uuid filename, so they are immutable; caching
+        // avoids re-fetching every image on each re-render.
+        this._imageCache = new Map();
 
         // Set once a local-mode auth failure has been surfaced, to avoid
         // reconnect loops and repeated toasts.
@@ -451,16 +453,12 @@ class MacroPadApp {
         return headers;
     }
 
-    // Fetch a macro image with the auth header and display it as a blob
+    // Fetch a macro image with the auth header and display it as a blob object
-    // object URL, so no credential is ever placed on an <img> src.
+    // URL, so no credential is ever placed on an <img> src. The fetched blob is
+    // cached (images are immutable per URL) and reused across re-renders.
     async loadMacroImage(url, img, placeholder) {
         try {
-            const res = await fetch(url, { headers: this.getAuthHeaders() });
+            const objectUrl = await this._getImageUrl(url);
-            if (!res.ok) throw new Error('image request failed');
-            const blob = await res.blob();
-            const objectUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
-            // Track for best-effort revocation on the next render.
-            this._objectUrls.push(objectUrl);
             img.src = objectUrl;
         } catch (e) {
             // Fall back to the placeholder if the image can't be loaded.
@@ -469,6 +467,23 @@ class MacroPadApp {
         }
     }
 
+    // Returns a cached Promise<objectURL> for an image URL, fetching once and
+    // retaining it for the page's lifetime (immutable content, nothing to
+    // invalidate); de-duplicates concurrent requests too.
+    _getImageUrl(url) {
+        let entry = this._imageCache.get(url);
+        if (entry) return entry;
+        entry = (async () => {
+            const res = await fetch(url, { headers: this.getAuthHeaders() });
+            if (!res.ok) throw new Error('image request failed');
+            const blob = await res.blob();
+            return URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+        })();
+        entry.catch(() => this._imageCache.delete(url));
+        this._imageCache.set(url, entry);
+        return entry;
+    }
+
     // Rendering (safe DOM construction only - no user value reaches innerHTML)
     renderTabs() {
         const container = document.getElementById('tabs-container');
@@ -492,12 +507,6 @@ class MacroPadApp {
         const container = document.getElementById('macro-grid');
         if (!container) return;
 
-        // Best-effort: revoke object URLs from the previous render to avoid leaks.
-        if (this._objectUrls && this._objectUrls.length) {
-            this._objectUrls.forEach((u) => URL.revokeObjectURL(u));
-        }
-        this._objectUrls = [];
-
         container.textContent = '';
 
         const macroEntries = Object.entries(this.macros);

web_server.py

@@ -338,7 +338,11 @@ class WebServer:
             # Only serve files that resolve to inside the macro_images directory
             if (os.path.commonpath([requested, images_real]) == images_real
                     and os.path.isfile(requested)):
-                return FileResponse(requested)
+                # Macro images are content-addressed (uuid filenames) and thus
+                # immutable, so let the browser cache them aggressively.
+                return FileResponse(requested, headers={
+                    "Cache-Control": "private, max-age=31536000, immutable"
+                })
             raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Image not found")
 
         @app.websocket("/ws")