fix(ci): build through the internal package cache; keep bundled npm on Node 18/20

- The first Node 24/26 run timed out on every job: public AlmaLinux mirrors
  served the runners at 1-150 kB/s. Use the CT130 package cache the same way
  cloud-apache-container does (same pkg-cache-repos.sh and pinned CA), with
  the upstream repos as fallback when the probe fails. epel-release is now
  GPG-verified before install instead of fetched unverified by URL.
- npm 12 requires Node >=22.22.2; on 18/20 keep the npm Node ships with.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

keys/pkg-cache/README

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Trust material for the OPT-IN internal package cache (scripts/pkg-cache-repos.sh,
+docs/pkg-cache.md). Copied into images at /usr/local/share/pkg-cache/; nothing
+here is added to the system trust store.
+
+ca.crt                 "pkg-cache internal CA (CT130)", EC P-256, valid to 2036-10-18.
+                       NAME-CONSTRAINED to IP 192.168.1.40 and DNS
+                       pkg-cache.internal.cloud-hosting.io / pkg-cache.geekhome.local.
+                       SHA-256 fingerprint BB:5B:9A:08:05:ED:2F:58:83:92:D0:99:9D:11:0A:30:14:88:68:F0:F0:88:65:5E:94:0B:75:EB:C2:A2:BD:F3
+                       (private key lives only on CT130: /etc/pkgcache-ca/ca.key)
+RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-10    Fedora (epel10) 7D8D 15CB FC4E 6268 8591 FB26 33D9 8517 E37E D158
+                       fetched 2026-10-21 over HTTPS from dl.fedoraproject.org and
+                       mirror.math.princeton.edu (identical); fingerprint matches
+                       https://fedoraproject.org/security/

keys/pkg-cache/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-10

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+
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+sDkiA1MESvf2tLETAGBs/TziO4GwmXUtlKbRiq1FYm90mVq9mBxPZ/Idn+yZusNB
+0O5SXIbI8lYZw5n4XTK4b+byHRBYsOTHiTsGvjTF2Y7oSwW2CVUmL6RZ23mI4qoY
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+TGO6L1InQlp4ZG3OYIomTKbD3/R0wod3U3dTqdulQMXL895u6OLTY3spY2m2MO2k
+p9Dfd2pKuxK9Mys=
+=mhQZ
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

keys/pkg-cache/ca.crt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIICPzCCAeagAwIBAgIUJI0QJZ+PCrSQ/nKZFENwwcp8Zr0wCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIw
+TDEmMCQGA1UEAwwdcGtnLWNhY2hlIGludGVybmFsIENBIChDVDEzMCkxIjAgBgNV
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+YAIl
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----